Migrate GuardedAsyncTask to Kotlin (facebook#50254)

Summary:
Migrate com.facebook.react.bridge.GuardedAsyncTask to Kotlin.

## Changelog:

[INTERNAL] - Migrate com.facebook.react.bridge.GuardedAsyncTask to Kotlin

Pull Request resolved: facebook#50254

Test Plan:
```bash
yarn test-android
yarn android
```

Reviewed By: javache

Differential Revision: D71846375

Pulled By: Abbondanzo

fbshipit-source-id: e4befe99333512312d1930b09b1edd9501a2f80a

Author: mateoguzmana

packages/react-native/ReactAndroid/api/ReactAndroid.api

@@ -727,13 +727,18 @@ public class com/facebook/react/bridge/DynamicFromObject : com/facebook/react/br
 }
 
 public abstract class com/facebook/react/bridge/GuardedAsyncTask : android/os/AsyncTask {
+	public static final field Companion Lcom/facebook/react/bridge/GuardedAsyncTask$Companion;
+	public static final field THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR Ljava/util/concurrent/Executor;
 	protected fun <init> (Lcom/facebook/react/bridge/JSExceptionHandler;)V
 	protected fun <init> (Lcom/facebook/react/bridge/ReactContext;)V
-	protected synthetic fun doInBackground ([Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;
+	public synthetic fun doInBackground ([Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;
 	protected final fun doInBackground ([Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Void;
 	protected abstract fun doInBackgroundGuarded ([Ljava/lang/Object;)V
 }
 
+public final class com/facebook/react/bridge/GuardedAsyncTask$Companion {
+}
+
 public abstract class com/facebook/react/bridge/GuardedRunnable : java/lang/Runnable {
 	public fun <init> (Lcom/facebook/react/bridge/JSExceptionHandler;)V
 	public fun <init> (Lcom/facebook/react/bridge/ReactContext;)V

packages/react-native/ReactAndroid/src/main/java/com/facebook/react/bridge/GuardedAsyncTask.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+@file:Suppress("DEPRECATION") // Need to migrate away from AsyncTasks
+
+package com.facebook.react.bridge
+
+import android.os.AsyncTask
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor
+
+/**
+ * Abstract base for a AsyncTask that should have any RuntimeExceptions it throws handled by the
+ * [JSExceptionHandler] registered if the app is in dev mode.
+ *
+ * This class doesn't allow doInBackground to return a results. If you need this use
+ * GuardedResultAsyncTask instead.
+ */
+public abstract class GuardedAsyncTask<Params, Progress>
+protected constructor(private val exceptionHandler: JSExceptionHandler) :
+    AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Void>() {
+  protected constructor(reactContext: ReactContext) : this(reactContext.exceptionHandler)
+
+  @Deprecated("AsyncTask is deprecated.")
+  override protected final fun doInBackground(vararg params: Params): Void? {
+    try {
+      doInBackgroundGuarded(*params)
+    } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
+      exceptionHandler.handleException(e)
+    }
+    return null
+  }
+
+  protected abstract fun doInBackgroundGuarded(vararg params: Params)
+
+  public companion object {
+    @JvmField public val THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR: Executor = AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
+  }
+}