Migrate GuardedRunnable to Kotlin (facebook#50259)

Summary:
Migrate com.facebook.react.bridge.GuardedRunnable to Kotlin.

## Changelog:

[INTERNAL] - Migrate com.facebook.react.bridge.GuardedRunnable to Kotlin

Pull Request resolved: facebook#50259

Test Plan:
```bash
yarn test-android
yarn android
```

Reviewed By: javache

Differential Revision: D71846384

Pulled By: Abbondanzo

fbshipit-source-id: b465ce107f9a32e273442644ef6079347fe7e401

Author: mateoguzmana

packages/react-native/ReactAndroid/src/main/java/com/facebook/react/bridge/GuardedRunnable.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+package com.facebook.react.bridge
+
+/**
+ * Abstract base for a Runnable that should have any RuntimeExceptions it throws handled by the
+ * [JSExceptionHandler] registered if the app is in dev mode.
+ */
+public abstract class GuardedRunnable(private val exceptionHandler: JSExceptionHandler) : Runnable {
+  public constructor(reactContext: ReactContext) : this(reactContext.exceptionHandler)
+
+  final override fun run() {
+    try {
+      runGuarded()
+    } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
+      exceptionHandler.handleException(e)
+    }
+  }
+
+  public abstract fun runGuarded()
+}