0.16.0

0.16.0 - 2025-05-18

You can find the release announcement here.

Language

• Breaking Change - rows ≡ numeric subscripts now function identically to each ∵'s specifying the rank to operate at
  • Deprecate each ∵, as it is almost never used except for this subscript behavior
  • The formatter will turn existing uses of subscripted each ∵ into subscripted rows ≡
• Breaking Change - repeat ⍥ and do ⍢ now accumulate excess values into arrays if their function has more outputs than arguments
  • This makes a lot of accumulation patterns much shorter and simpler
  • These loops now always have well-defined signatures
  • This breaks the common pattern of wrapping these loops in []s, which is now unnecessary and will need to be changed in your code
• Breaking Change - fill ⬚ed scan \\ no longer uses the fill value as the first row
• Breaking Change - fft now works along every axis of an array rather than only its last
  • This is more consistent with other functions
• Breaking Change - Overhaul number literals
  • Literals involving eta η, pi π, tau τ, and e may now have a leading coefficient in addition to a denominator, and the symbol may be in the denominator
    • Examples: 2π, 3π/4, 1/τ, 1.5η, 3e
  • Add complex literals
    • The real and imaginary parts are suffixed with r and i respectively. Both can be used alone.
    • Work with fractions and other constants above
    • Examples: 3r4i, 5i, πi/2
• Breaking Change - Special casing for un ° backward ˜ join ⊂ has been removed
• There are no longer signature restrictions on try ⍣'s functions
• Allow for mixed numeric and sided subscripts
  • Implemented for both ∩, rows ≡, and inventory ⍚
• Stabilize sided subscripts for rows ≡ and inventory ⍚
• Stabilize un ° under ⍜ for monadic functions
• Add un ° group ⊕ and un ° partition ⊜ for monadic functions
• Stabilize negate ¯ subscripts
• Stabilize base ⊥
• Stabilize fft
• Stabilize inline macros
• The first argument to rotate ↻ can now be rank > 1.
  • This creates an array with multiple copies of the target array rotated by different amounts
• Output comments now show values on the stack after their line rather than before it
• Add un ° fill ⬚ed take ↙
• Add un ° add +, un ° multiply × and un ° divide ÷
  • These split into fraction and whole, sign and magnitude, and denominator and numerator respectively
• Add un ° inverses for reduce / with a dyadic function (when the function is invertible)
• Functions can now contains scoped local bindings
  • This allows for simple helper functions as well as passing bindings to macros
• Give base ⊥ a glyph
• Add the ln function, which computes the natural logarithm
• Add the pretty function, which gives the string representation of an array's pretty-printed output
• Add numeric subscripts for length ⧻ to get the length of a specific axis
• Add numeric subscripts for shape △ to get the shape of the first few axes
• Add numeric subscripts for range ⇡ to offset the range
• Add support for mixed numeric and sided subscripts
• Greeks rejoice! η, π, and τ can now be used in names (just not as the first letter)
• Add apng and &apngs functions for encoding and showing APNG animations
• Deprecate with ⤙ and off ⤚ on noadic and monadic functions
  • There was a lot of disagreement about what the behavior should be
  • They made the movement of data on the stack harder to follow
  • Breaking Change - Change how off ⤚ works on monadic functions
    • This change was made before deprecation was decided
• Deprecate various environment-relate constants and replace them with noadic functions
  • This prevents the details of the compiling environment being used instead of the details from the actual running environment
  • Deprecrated: Os, Family, Arch, ExeExt, DllExt, Sep, NumProcs
  • Replacements: os, osfamily, arch, exeext, dllext, pathsep, numprocs
• Add experimental evert ⧋ modifier for operating on the last axes of arrays.
• Add experimental occurrences ⧆ for marking each row in an array with its occurent count
• Add experimental progressive indexof ⊘ for finding sequential indices of each row of an array in another
• Add experimental lexical ordering syntax
  • This enables some function packs and array notation to execute in the order they are normally read
• Add experimental sided fill ⬚
  • This allows filling from the left instead of the right
• Add experimental voxels function, which orthographically projects a 3D voxel array to an image
• Add experimental bytes function for encoding and decoding byte arrays
• Remove previously deprecated around ’
• Remove previously deprecated astar
• Remove previously deprecated trace ⸮

Interpreter

• Improve pretty-printed array layout
  • High-rank arrays take up less vertical space and more horizontal space
  • Box arrays take up less space
• Complex arrays are now compatible with image and GIF functions and will display as such automatically in the pad
  • Each pixel is colored via a domain coloring function
• Remove errors when a line is too long
• The formatter will now allow putting multiple function pack branches on a single line
• Optimizations
  • stencil ⧈ is now optimized when used with with monadic functions that are optimized for rows ≡
  • Add sortedness flags to arrays to allow short-circuiting some operations
  • Optimize tuples ⧅ with ⋅⋅1 and ⋅⧻
  • The main sorting algorith for sort ⍆ is now implemented in the interpreter source code rather than a library
    • This allows it to sort arrays in place without allocating memory
    • Observed performance improvements of ~2.5x
  • sort ⍆ on lists of bytes now uses counting sort, for massive performance improvements
• LSP improvements
  • Completions now properly respect scoping
  • Unused private bindings are now dimmed
• Images in the native output window can now be easily copied to the clipboard
• Add an -x/--experimental flag to the uiua repl command to pre-enable experimental features