chore(druid): Update container image to 31.0.1 ahead of Stackable Release 25.3.0

[sbernauer]

Part of #964.

• Add: 31.0.1, 30.0.1 (LTS)
• Mark: 30.0.0 as deprecated
• Remove: 26.0.0

Tip

Please add the scheduled-for/2025-03 label, and add to the Stackable Engineering project.

### Update tasks
- [x] Update `versions.py` to reflect the agreed upon versions in the spreadsheet (including the removal of old versions).
- [x] Upload new version (see `druid/upload_new_druid_version.sh`).
- [x] Create a file: `druid/stackable/patches/x.y.z/.gitkeep`, add patches if applicable.
- [x] Delete old patch directories.
- [x] Update `versions.py` to the latest supported version of JVM (base and devel).
- [x] Update the [druid-opa-authorizer](https://github.com/stackabletech/druid-opa-authorizer/) with the new set of versions.
- [x] Check other operators (getting_started / kuttl) for usage of the versions. Add the PR(s) to the list below.
- [x] Update the version in demos. Add the PR(s) to the list below.

### Related Pull Requests
- [ ] https://github.com/stackabletech/docker-images/pull/984
- [ ] https://github.com/stackabletech/druid-operator/pull/685
- [ ] https://github.com/stackabletech/demos/pull/144
- [ ] https://github.com/stackabletech/druid-opa-authorizer/pull/110
- [ ] _Link to the Release Notes PR in the documentation repo (if not a comment below)_

Tip

Delete any items that do not apply so that all applicable items can be checked.
For example, if you add release notes to the documentation repository, you do not need the latter two criteria.

This list should be completed by the assignee(s), once respective PRs have been merged. Once all items have been checked, the issue can be moved into Development: Done.

### Acceptance
- [x] Can build image (either locally, or in CI)
- [x] Kuttl smoke tests passes (either locally, or in CI)
- [ ] Release notes added to documentation and linked as a PR above
- [x] Release notes written in a comment below
- [x] Applicable `release-note` label added to this issue

Testing instructions

# See the latest version at https://pypi.org/project/image-tools-stackabletech/
pip install image-tools-stackabletech==0.0.13

bake --product druid=x.y.z # where x.y.z is the new version added in this PR

kind load docker-image docker.stackable.tech/stackable/druid:x.y.z-stackable0.0.0-dev

# Change directory into the druid-operator repository and update the
# product version in tests/test-definition.yaml
./scripts/run-tests --test-suite smoke-latest # or similar

Please consider updating this template if these instructions are wrong, or
could be made clearer.

[dervoeti]

Mostly done, but currently blocked by https://github.com/stackabletech/decisions/issues/43, if we want to upgrade druid-opa-authorizer.

[dervoeti]

Release Notes

Caution

Breaking change when upgrading to SDP 25.3:

We adjusted the default memory limits of coordinator from 512Mi to 768Mi and middlemanager from 1Gi to 1500Mi. Existing namespaces/clusters can potentially run out of memory, which might affect availability.

Breaking change when upgrading to SDP 25.3 if druid-opa-authorizer is used (all Druid versions affected):

In the Rego rules, input.user has to be replaced by input.authenticationResult.identity.
Change in druid-opa-authorizer: stackabletech/druid-opa-authorizer#85 (released with version 0.6.0)