Add Post to backend stage to recipes

[Erik-Lundell]

Add PostToBackend stage to Recipes
After a discussion in #14588, it was decided to
create an additional recipe stage to run passes after partitioning.
This is meant for backends that convert ops directly instead of
partitioning.

Add RequireExportProgram mixin for passes
It is a common pattern that passes require an exported program,
which means that the pass needs to be constructed right before
it is ran, with the correct exported program. Today there is no
unified way this is done, which makes it tricky for general pass handling
to figure out whether to pass an exported program to the constructor or not.
This commit solves this by introducing a RequireExportProgram mixin,
and makes a best effort to migirate passes to this system.

Note that there are passes which require other arguments that
still will break general pass handling.

cc @freddan80 @per @zingo @oscarandersson8218 @digantdesai

[pytorch-bot]

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🧪 See artifacts and rendered test results at hud.pytorch.org/pr/pytorch/executorch/14990

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❌ 9 New Failures, 4 Unrelated Failures

As of commit b9843c2 with merge base 57a7903 ():

NEW FAILURES - The following jobs have failed:

• Lint / android-java-format / linux-job (gh)
  RuntimeError: Command docker exec -t 5f4727a7cd23ae26d2ea71834f8ff4a8699e81f182e7dafb3414814f82e2b99c /exec failed with exit code 1
• pull / test-samsung-models-linux / linux-job (gh)
  RuntimeError: Command docker exec -t bec4cd9b95c88bed3183950bffafaf68f4fb4a1bb9bfe73f9ff9eee80b19403a /exec failed with exit code 1
• pull / unittest / linux / linux-job (gh)
  export/tests/test_target_recipes.py::TestTargetRecipes::test_w2l_model
• pull / unittest / macos / macos-job (gh)
  export/tests/test_target_recipes.py::TestTargetRecipes::test_vit_model
• pull / unittest-editable / linux / linux-job (gh)
  export/tests/test_export_session.py::TestExportSessionCoreFlow::test_default_pipeline_execution_order
• pull / unittest-editable / macos / macos-job (gh)
  export/tests/test_target_recipes.py::TestTargetRecipes::test_w2l_model
• Test CUDA Builds / export-voxtral-cuda-artifact / linux-job (gh)
  RuntimeError: Command docker exec -t bd425592df2e74742a63bbfec08114f862b6a0f953f26be7101987aa9ebff893 /exec failed with exit code 2
• trunk / unittest-release / linux / linux-job (gh)
  export/tests/test_target_recipes.py::TestTargetRecipes::test_w2l_model
• trunk / unittest-release / macos / macos-job (gh)
  export/tests/test_target_recipes.py::TestTargetRecipes::test_w2l_model

FLAKY - The following job failed but was likely due to flakiness present on trunk:

• trunk / test-qnn-model (fp32, mv2) / linux-job (gh) (detected as infra flaky with no log or failing log classifier)

BROKEN TRUNK - The following jobs failed but was present on the merge base:

👉 Rebase onto the `viable/strict` branch to avoid these failures

• pull / unittest / windows / windows-job (gh) (trunk failure)
  runtime/test/test_runtime_etdump_gen.py::RuntimeETDumpGenTest::test_etdump_params_with_bytes_and_buffer
• pull / unittest-editable / windows / windows-job (gh) (trunk failure)
  runtime/test/test_runtime_etdump_gen.py::RuntimeETDumpGenTest::test_etdump_params_with_bytes_and_buffer
• trunk / unittest-release / windows / windows-job (gh) (trunk failure)
  runtime/test/test_runtime_etdump_gen.py::RuntimeETDumpGenTest::test_etdump_params_with_bytes_and_buffer

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