Patient-monitoring-system

Overview

This program reads and processes data from three health-monitoring sensors (DHT11, KY-039, and AD8232) connected to an ESP8266 or Arduino. Based on the readings, it performs health checks and activates LEDs and a buzzer to indicate whether the readings are within normal ranges.

Components and Purpose

1. DHT11 Sensor: Measures temperature.
2. KY-039 Sensor: Measures pulse rate (heartbeats per minute).
3. AD8232 Sensor: Measures ECG signals, which are used to estimate blood pressure (systolic and diastolic).
4. Green LED: Indicates normal health parameters.
5. Red LED and Buzzer: Indicate abnormal health parameters.

Code Breakdown

1. Include Libraries and Pin Definitions

• The DHT.h library is included to interact with the DHT11 sensor.
• The pins for the sensors and output components (LEDs and buzzer) are defined:
  • DHTPIN (2): DHT11 data pin.
  • KY039_PIN (A1): KY-039 Pulse Sensor connected to analog pin A1.
  • AD8232_PIN (A0): AD8232 ECG Sensor connected to analog pin A0.
  • LED and Buzzer Pins: Control green LED, red LED, and buzzer.

2. Setup Function

• Serial Communication: Initialized at 9600 baud to send data to the serial monitor.
• Sensor Initialization: The DHT sensor is started using dht.begin().
• Pin Modes: All LEDs and the buzzer are set as output, and their initial states are set to OFF.

3. Loop Function

The main logic runs continuously in the loop() function:

a. Read Temperature

• The temperature is read using the dht.readTemperature() function.
• If the reading fails (isnan returns true), the program skips the current loop cycle to avoid invalid data processing.

b. Read Pulse Rate

• The raw signal from the KY-039 sensor is read using analogRead(KY039_PIN).
• The raw value (0-1023) is mapped to a heart rate range (60-100 BPM).

c. Read ECG and Estimate Blood Pressure

• The ECG signal is read from the AD8232 sensor using analogRead(AD8232_PIN).
• The raw ECG signal (0-1023) is mapped to approximate systolic (90-120 mmHg) and diastolic (60-80 mmHg) blood pressure ranges.

4. Output the Data

• Data is formatted as temperature,pulseRate,systolicBP/diastolicBP and sent to the serial monitor:
  • Example output: 36.5,72,110/75

5. Health Check Conditions

• The program checks if the sensor readings fall within normal health ranges:

  • Temperature: 36.0°C to 37.5°C.
  • Pulse Rate: 60 to 100 BPM.
  • Blood Pressure:
    • Systolic: 90 to 120 mmHg.
    • Diastolic: 60 to 80 mmHg.

• If all values are normal:

  • Green LED: Turns ON.
  • Red LED and Buzzer: Turn OFF.

• If any value is abnormal:

  • Red LED: Turns ON.
  • Buzzer: Beeps (ON for 500ms, OFF for 500ms).
  • Green LED: Turns OFF.

6. Timing

• The loop includes a delay(1000) to wait for 1 second before the next iteration. This ensures that the sensors have enough time to stabilize and provide accurate readings.

Demonstration Plan

1. Explain the Purpose: Monitor and display health parameters using sensors.
2. Show Hardware Setup: Point out the DHT11, KY-039, AD8232 sensors, LEDs, and buzzer.
3. Run the Program:
   • Display real-time data in the serial monitor.
   • Simulate abnormal conditions (e.g., change temperature or pulse inputs) to show LED and buzzer activation.
4. Highlight Features:
   • Real-time health monitoring.
   • Immediate feedback through LEDs and buzzer.

Key Takeaways

• This program is a simple health-monitoring system.
• It collects real-time data, evaluates it against normal ranges, and provides visual and auditory feedback.
• The modular design makes it easy to expand with additional sensors or features in the future.