Hall Sensor-based Six-Step Commutation for BLDC Motor : MCLV-48V-300W and dsPIC33CK256MP508 Motor Control DIM

1. INTRODUCTION

This document describes the setup requirements for driving a Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor using six-step commutation with Hall Sensor feedback on the hardware platform EV18H47A "MCLV-48V-300W Development Board" and EV62P66A "dsPIC33CK256MP508 Motor Control Dual In-line Module (DIM)".

For details about six-step commutation of BLDC motor using Hall Sensor feedback, refer to Microchip application note AN957 “Sensored BLDC Motor Control”.

Enhance your embedded applications with Microchip's high-performance dsPIC® Digital Signal Controllers (DSCs). Visit our Motor Control and Drive page to stay updated on the latest motor control solutions from Microchip.

2. SUGGESTED DEMONSTRATION REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Motor Control Application Firmware Required for the Demonstration

To clone or download this application firmware on GitHub,

• Navigate to the main page of this repository and
• On the tab <> Code, above the list of files in the right-hand corner, click Code, then from the menu, click Download ZIP or copy the repository URL to clone.

Note:
In this document, hereinafter this firmware package is referred as firmware.

2.2 Software Tools Used for Testing the firmware

• MPLAB® X IDE v6.25
• Device Family Pack (DFP): dsPIC33CK-MP_DFP v1.15.423
• Curiosity/Starter Kits Tool Pack : PKOB4_TP v1.19.1503
• MPLAB® XC-DSC Compiler v3.21
• MPLAB® X IDE Plugin: X2C-Scope v1.7.0

Note:
The software used for testing the firmware prior to release is listed above. It is recommended to use the version listed above or later versions for building the firmware. All previous versions of Device Family Packs (DFP) and Tool Packs can be downloaded from Microchip Packs Repository.

2.3 Hardware Tools Required for the Demonstration

• MCLV-48V-300W Development Board (EV18H47A)
• dsPIC33CK256MP508 Motor Control Dual In-line Module (EV62P66A)
• 24V Power Supply (AC002013)
• 24V 3-Phase Brushless DC Motor - Hurst DMA0204024B101 (AC300022) or,
• 24V 3-Phase Brushless DC Motor - Hurst DMB0224C10002 (AC300020) or,
• 24V 3-Phase Brushless DC Motor - ACT 57BLF02 (57BLF02) or,
• 24V 3-Phase Leadshine Servo Motor (ELVM6020V24FH-B25-HD)

Note:
All items listed above except Leadshine Servo Motor (ELVM6020V24FH-B25-HD) and ACT Brushless DC Motor (57BLF02) are available at microchip DIRECT

• Hurst DMA0204024B101(AC300022) is referred as Hurst300 or Long Hurst in the firmware
• Hurst DMB0224C10002(AC300020) is referred as Hurst075 or Short Hurst in the firmware
• ACT Brushless DC Motor 57BLF02 is referred as ACT02 in the firmware
• Leadshine Servo Motor ELVM6020V24FH-B25-HD is referred as leadshine24v in the firmware

3. HARDWARE SETUP

This section describes the hardware setup required for the demonstration.

Note:
In this document, hereinafter the MCLV-48V-300W Development Board is referred as development board.

1. Motor currents are amplified on the MCLV-48V-300W development board; it can also be amplified by the amplifiers internal to the dsPIC33CK256MP508 on the DIM. By default, the firmware and DIM are set to sample and convert the outputs of the internal amplifier ('internal op-amp configuration') to measure motor currents. Table-1 summarizes the resistors to be populated and removed to convert the DIM from ‘internal op-amp configuration’ to ‘external op-amp configuration’ or vice versa.

   

2. Insert the dsPIC33CK256MP508 Motor Control DIM into the DIM Interface connector J8 on the development board. Make sure the DIM is placed correctly and oriented before going ahead.

   

3. Connect the 3-phase motor wires in the specified order, as shown in the following figures, to PHA, PHB, and PHC of the connector J4 provided on the development board. Be sure to refer to the connection diagram corresponding to the motor under test.

   

4. Connect the motor's hall sensor wires in the specified order, as shown in the following figures, to HA, HB, and HC of the connector J5 provided on the development board. Be sure to refer to the connection diagram corresponding to the motor under test.

   

5. Plug the 24V power supply to connector J1 on the development board. Alternatively, the development board can also be powered through connector J3.

   

6. The board has an onboard programmer PICkit™ On Board (PKoBv4) , which can be used for programming or debugging the microcontroller or dsPIC DSC on the DIM. To use the onboard programmer, connect a micro-USB cable between the Host PC and connector J16 on the development board.

   

   Alternatively, connect the Microchip programmer/debugger MPLAB® PICkit™ 5 In-Circuit Debugger(PG164150) between the Host PC used for programming the device and the ICSP header J9 on the development board (as shown). Ensure that PICkit 5 is oriented correctly before proceeding.

   

4. SOFTWARE SETUP AND RUN

4.1 Setup: MPLAB X IDE and MPLAB XC-DSC Compiler

Install MPLAB X IDE and MPLAB XC-DSC Compiler versions that support the device dsPIC33CK256MP508 and PKoBv4. The MPLAB X IDE, MPLAB XC-DSC Compiler, and X2C-Scope plug-in used for testing the firmware are mentioned in the Motor Control Application Firmware Required for the Demonstration section.

To get help on

• MPLAB X IDE installation, refer link
• MPLAB XC-DSC Compiler installation steps, refer link

If MPLAB IDE v8 or earlier is already installed on your computer, then run the MPLAB driver switcher (Installed when MPLAB®X IDE is installed) to switch from MPLAB IDE v8 drivers to MPLAB X IDE drivers. If you have Windows 8 or 10, you must run the MPLAB driver switcher in Administrator Mode. To run the Device Driver Switcher GUI application as administrator, right-click on the executable (or desktop icon) and select Run as Administrator. For more details, refer to the MPLAB X IDE help topic “Before You Begin: Install the USB Device Drivers (For Hardware Tools): USB Driver Installation for Windows Operating Systems.”

4.2 Setup: X2C-SCOPE

X2C-Scope is a MPLAB X IDE plugin that allows developers to interact with an application while it runs. X2C-Scope enables you to read, write, and plot global variables (for motor control) in real-time. It communicates with the target using the UART. To use X2C-Scope, the plugin must be installed. To set up and use X2C-Scope, refer to the instructions provided on the web page.

5. BASIC DEMONSTRATION

5.1 Firmware Description

The firmware version needed for the demonstration is mentioned in the section Motor Control Application Firmware Required for the Demonstration. This firmware is implemented to work on Microchip’s Digital signal controller (dsPIC® DSC) dsPIC33CK256MP508. For more information, see the dsPIC33CK256MP508 Family datasheet (DS70005349).

The Motor Control Demo application uses a push buttons to start or stop the motor and for direction reversal. Also, a potentiometer is used to vary the speed of the motor. This Motor Control Demo Application configures and uses peripherals like PWM, ADC, UART, OP-AMP, CMP, DAC etc. For more details, refer to Microchip Application note AN957, “Sensored BLDC Motor Control Using dsPIC30F2010” available on the Microchip website.

Note:
The project may not build correctly in Windows OS if the Maximum path length of any source file in the project is more than 260 characters. In case the absolute path exceeds or nears the maximum length, do any (or both) of the following:

• Shorten the directory name containing the firmware used in this demonstration. If you renamed the directory, consider the new name while reading the instructions provided in the upcoming sections of the document.
• Place firmware in a location such that the total path length of each file included in the projects does not exceed the Maximum Path length specified.
  Refer to MPLAB X IDE help topic “Path, File, and Folder Name Restrictions” for details.

5.2 Basic Demonstration

Follow the below instructions, step by step, to set up and run the motor control demo application:

1. Start MPLAB X IDE and open the project bldc.X (File > Open Project) with device selection dsPIC33CK256MP508.

   

2. Set the project bldc.X as the main project by right-clicking on the project name and selecting Set as Main Project as shown. The project bldc.X will then appear in bold.

   

3. Open mc1_user_params.h (bldc.X > Header Files) in the project bldc.X.

   • Firmware is by default configured to run in closed-loop speed control using a PI controller.
   • define the macro to CLOSED_LOOP 0 to enable open-loop duty control.
   • define the macro to CLOSED_LOOP 1 to enable closed-loop speed control using a PI controller.
   • define the macro to CLOSED_LOOP 2 to enable closed-loop current control using a PI controller.

     

   • Firmware is configured to run with Hurst DMA0204024B101 Motor(Hurst300 or Long Hurst-AC300022) by default.
   • define the macro to MOTOR 2 to run with Hurst DMB0224C10002 Motor(Hurst075 or Short Hurst-AC300020).
   • define the macro to MOTOR 3 to run with ACT 57BLF02 Brushless DC Motor (57BLF02).
   • define the macro to MOTOR 4 to run with Leadshine Servo Motor (ELVM6020V24FH-B25-HD).
   • All the Motors are tested under no load conditions. To achieve optimal performance under loaded conditions, the control parameters in the firmware may need additional tuning.

     

   • When internal amplifiers are used for current amplification (referred to as internal op-amp configuration), define the macro INTERNAL_OPAMP_CONFIG

     

   • Otherwise, if external amplifiers are used for current amplification (referred to as external op-amp configuration), undefine the macro INTERNAL_OPAMP_CONFIG

     

4. Right-click on the project bldc.X and select Properties to open its Project Properties Dialog. Click the Conf:[default] category to reveal the general project configuration information. The development tools used for testing the firmware are listed in section 2.2 Software Tools Used for Testing the firmware.

   In the Conf:[default] category window:

   • Ensure the selected Device is dsPIC33CK256MP508.
   • Select the Connected Hardware Tool to be used for programming and debugging.
   • Select the specific Device Family Pack (DFP) from the available list of Packs. In this case, dsPIC33CK-MP_DFP 1.15.423 is selected.
   • Select the specific Compiler Toolchain from the available list of XC-DSC compilers. In this case, XC-DSC(v3.21) is selected.
   • After selecting Hardware Tool and Compiler Toolchain, Device Pack, click the button Apply

   Please ensure that the selected MPLAB® XC-DSC Compiler and Device Pack support the device configured in the firmware

   

5. Ensure that the checkbox Load symbols when programming or building for production (slows process) is checked under the Loading category of the Project Properties window.

   

   Also, go to Tools > Options , and

   

   Open the Embedded > Generic Settings tab and ensure that the ELF debug session symbol load methodology (MIPS/ARM) is selected as Pre-procesed (Legacy) from the drop down.

   

6. To build the project (in this case, bldc.X) and program the device dsPIC33CK256MP508, click Make and Program Device Main project on the toolbar

   

7. If the device is successfully programmed, LED1 (LD2) will be turned ON, indicating that the dsPIC® DSC is enabled.

   

8. Run or stop the motor by pressing the push button SW1. The motor should start spinning smoothly in one direction in the nominal speed range. Ensure that the motor is spinning smoothly without any vibration. The LED2 (LD3) is turned ON to show that the button has been pressed to start the motor. The specific motor was tested under no load conditions. To achieve optimal performance under loaded conditions, the control parameters in the firmware may need additional tuning.

   

9. The motor speed can be varied using the potentiometer (POT1).

   

10. Press the push button SW2 to change the direction of rotation of the motor.

    

11. Press the push button SW1 to stop the motor.

Note:
The macros POLE_PAIRS, MINIMUM_SPEED_RPM, MAXIMUM_SPEED_RPM, DIRECTION_CHANGE_SPEED_RPM, and NOMINAL_CURRENT_BUS_RMS are defined in the respective motor header files. Exceeding manufacture's specifications may damage the motor or the board or both.

5.3 Data visualization through X2C-Scope Plug-in of MPLAB X

X2C-Scope is a third-party plug-in in MPLAB X, which helps in real-time diagnostics. The application firmware comes with the initialization needed to interface the controller with the host PC to enable data visualization through the X2C-Scope plug-in. Ensure the X2C-Scope plug-in is installed. For more information on how to set up a plug-in, refer to either the Microchip Developer Help page or the web page.

1. To establish serial communication with the host PC, connect a micro-USB cable between it and connector J16 on the development board. The same interface is also used for programming.

2. Ensure the application is configured and running as described under section 5.2 Basic Demonstration by following steps 1 through 10.

3. Open the X2C-Scope window by selecting Tools>Embedded>X2CScope.

   

4. In the X2C-Scope Configuration window, open the Connection Setup tab and click Select Project. This opens the drop-down menu Select Project with a list of opened projects. Select the specific project pmsm from the list of projects and click OK.

   

5. To configure and establish the serial communication for X2C-Scope, open the X2CScope Configuration window, click on the Connection Setup tab and:

   • Set Baudrate as 115200, which is configured in the application firmware.
   • Click on the Refresh button to refresh and update the list of the available Serial COM ports connected to the Host PC.
   • Select the specific Serial port detected when interfaced with the development board. The Serial port depends on the system settings

   

6. Once the Serial port is detected, click on Disconnected and turn to Connected, to establish serial communication between the Host PC and the board.

   

7. Open the Project Setup tab in the X2CScope Configuration window and,

   • Set Scope Sampletime as the interval at which X2CScopeUpdate() is called. In this application, it is every 50µs.
   • Then, click Set Values to save the configuration.

   

8. Click on Open Scope View (in the Data Views tab of the X2CScope Configuration Window); this opens Scope Window.

   

9. In the Scope Window, select the variables that must be watched. To do this, click on the Source against each channel, and a window Select Variables opens on the screen. From the available list, the required variable can be chosen. Ensure checkboxes Enable and Visible are checked for the variables to be plotted. To view data plots continuously, uncheck Single-shot. When Single-shot is checked, it captures the data once and stops. The Sample time factor value multiplied by Sample time decides the time difference between any two consecutive data points on the plot.

   

10. Click on SAMPLE, then the X2C-Scope window plots variables in real-time, which updates automatically.

    

11. Click on ABORT to stop.

    

6. REFERENCES:

For additional information, refer following documents or links.

1. AN957 Application Note "Sensored BLDC Motor Control Using dsPIC30F2010"
2. MCLV-48V-300W Development Board User’s Guide (DS50003297)
3. dsPIC33CK256MP508 Motor Control Dual In-Line Module (DIM) Information Sheet (DS50003063)
4. dsPIC33CK256MP508 Family datasheet (DS70005349)
5. Family Reference Manuals (FRM) of dsPIC33CK256MP508 family
6. MPLAB® X IDE User’s Guide (DS50002027) or MPLAB® X IDE help
7. MPLAB® X IDE installation
8. MPLAB® XC-DSC Compiler installation
9. Installation and setup of X2Cscope plugin for MPLAB X
10. Microchip Packs Repository