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Merge tag 'mm-stable-2024-09-20-02-31' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton: "Along with the usual shower of singleton patches, notable patch series in this pull request are: - "Align kvrealloc() with krealloc()" from Danilo Krummrich. Adds consistency to the APIs and behaviour of these two core allocation functions. This also simplifies/enables Rustification. - "Some cleanups for shmem" from Baolin Wang. No functional changes - mode code reuse, better function naming, logic simplifications. - "mm: some small page fault cleanups" from Josef Bacik. No functional changes - code cleanups only. - "Various memory tiering fixes" from Zi Yan. A small fix and a little cleanup. - "mm/swap: remove boilerplate" from Yu Zhao. Code cleanups and simplifications and .text shrinkage. - "Kernel stack usage histogram" from Pasha Tatashin and Shakeel Butt. This is a feature, it adds new feilds to /proc/vmstat such as $ grep kstack /proc/vmstat kstack_1k 3 kstack_2k 188 kstack_4k 11391 kstack_8k 243 kstack_16k 0 which tells us that 11391 processes used 4k of stack while none at all used 16k. Useful for some system tuning things, but partivularly useful for "the dynamic kernel stack project". - "kmemleak: support for percpu memory leak detect" from Pavel Tikhomirov. Teaches kmemleak to detect leaksage of percpu memory. - "mm: memcg: page counters optimizations" from Roman Gushchin. "3 independent small optimizations of page counters". - "mm: split PTE/PMD PT table Kconfig cleanups+clarifications" from David Hildenbrand. Improves PTE/PMD splitlock detection, makes powerpc/8xx work correctly by design rather than by accident. - "mm: remove arch_make_page_accessible()" from David Hildenbrand. Some folio conversions which make arch_make_page_accessible() unneeded. - "mm, memcg: cg2 memory{.swap,}.peak write handlers" fro David Finkel. Cleans up and fixes our handling of the resetting of the cgroup/process peak-memory-use detector. - "Make core VMA operations internal and testable" from Lorenzo Stoakes. Rationalizaion and encapsulation of the VMA manipulation APIs. With a view to better enable testing of the VMA functions, even from a userspace-only harness. - "mm: zswap: fixes for global shrinker" from Takero Funaki. Fix issues in the zswap global shrinker, resulting in improved performance. - "mm: print the promo watermark in zoneinfo" from Kaiyang Zhao. Fill in some missing info in /proc/zoneinfo. - "mm: replace follow_page() by folio_walk" from David Hildenbrand. Code cleanups and rationalizations (conversion to folio_walk()) resulting in the removal of follow_page(). - "improving dynamic zswap shrinker protection scheme" from Nhat Pham. Some tuning to improve zswap's dynamic shrinker. Significant reductions in swapin and improvements in performance are shown. - "mm: Fix several issues with unaccepted memory" from Kirill Shutemov. Improvements to the new unaccepted memory feature, - "mm/mprotect: Fix dax puds" from Peter Xu. Implements mprotect on DAX PUDs. This was missing, although nobody seems to have notied yet. - "Introduce a store type enum for the Maple tree" from Sidhartha Kumar. Cleanups and modest performance improvements for the maple tree library code. - "memcg: further decouple v1 code from v2" from Shakeel Butt. Move more cgroup v1 remnants away from the v2 memcg code. - "memcg: initiate deprecation of v1 features" from Shakeel Butt. Adds various warnings telling users that memcg v1 features are deprecated. - "mm: swap: mTHP swap allocator base on swap cluster order" from Chris Li. Greatly improves the success rate of the mTHP swap allocation. - "mm: introduce numa_memblks" from Mike Rapoport. Moves various disparate per-arch implementations of numa_memblk code into generic code. - "mm: batch free swaps for zap_pte_range()" from Barry Song. Greatly improves the performance of munmap() of swap-filled ptes. - "support large folio swap-out and swap-in for shmem" from Baolin Wang. With this series we no longer split shmem large folios into simgle-page folios when swapping out shmem. - "mm/hugetlb: alloc/free gigantic folios" from Yu Zhao. Nice performance improvements and code reductions for gigantic folios. - "support shmem mTHP collapse" from Baolin Wang. Adds support for khugepaged's collapsing of shmem mTHP folios. - "mm: Optimize mseal checks" from Pedro Falcato. Fixes an mprotect() performance regression due to the addition of mseal(). - "Increase the number of bits available in page_type" from Matthew Wilcox. Increases the number of bits available in page_type! - "Simplify the page flags a little" from Matthew Wilcox. Many legacy page flags are now folio flags, so the page-based flags and their accessors/mutators can be removed. - "mm: store zero pages to be swapped out in a bitmap" from Usama Arif. An optimization which permits us to avoid writing/reading zero-filled zswap pages to backing store. - "Avoid MAP_FIXED gap exposure" from Liam Howlett. Fixes a race window which occurs when a MAP_FIXED operqtion is occurring during an unrelated vma tree walk. - "mm: remove vma_merge()" from Lorenzo Stoakes. Major rotorooting of the vma_merge() functionality, making ot cleaner, more testable and better tested. - "misc fixups for DAMON {self,kunit} tests" from SeongJae Park. Minor fixups of DAMON selftests and kunit tests. - "mm: memory_hotplug: improve do_migrate_range()" from Kefeng Wang. Code cleanups and folio conversions. - "Shmem mTHP controls and stats improvements" from Ryan Roberts. Cleanups for shmem controls and stats. - "mm: count the number of anonymous THPs per size" from Barry Song. Expose additional anon THP stats to userspace for improved tuning. - "mm: finish isolate/putback_lru_page()" from Kefeng Wang: more folio conversions and removal of now-unused page-based APIs. - "replace per-quota region priorities histogram buffer with per-context one" from SeongJae Park. DAMON histogram rationalization. - "Docs/damon: update GitHub repo URLs and maintainer-profile" from SeongJae Park. DAMON documentation updates. - "mm/vdpa: correct misuse of non-direct-reclaim __GFP_NOFAIL and improve related doc and warn" from Jason Wang: fixes usage of page allocator __GFP_NOFAIL and GFP_ATOMIC flags. - "mm: split underused THPs" from Yu Zhao. Improve THP=always policy. This was overprovisioning THPs in sparsely accessed memory areas. - "zram: introduce custom comp backends API" frm Sergey Senozhatsky. Add support for zram run-time compression algorithm tuning. - "mm: Care about shadow stack guard gap when getting an unmapped area" from Mark Brown. Fix up the various arch_get_unmapped_area() implementations to better respect guard areas. - "Improve mem_cgroup_iter()" from Kinsey Ho. Improve the reliability of mem_cgroup_iter() and various code cleanups. - "mm: Support huge pfnmaps" from Peter Xu. Extends the usage of huge pfnmap support. - "resource: Fix region_intersects() vs add_memory_driver_managed()" from Huang Ying. Fix a bug in region_intersects() for systems with CXL memory. - "mm: hwpoison: two more poison recovery" from Kefeng Wang. Teaches a couple more code paths to correctly recover from the encountering of poisoned memry. - "mm: enable large folios swap-in support" from Barry Song. Support the swapin of mTHP memory into appropriately-sized folios, rather than into single-page folios" * tag 'mm-stable-2024-09-20-02-31' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (416 commits) zram: free secondary algorithms names uprobes: turn xol_area->pages[2] into xol_area->page uprobes: introduce the global struct vm_special_mapping xol_mapping Revert "uprobes: use vm_special_mapping close() functionality" mm: support large folios swap-in for sync io devices mm: add nr argument in mem_cgroup_swapin_uncharge_swap() helper to support large folios mm: fix swap_read_folio_zeromap() for large folios with partial zeromap mm/debug_vm_pgtable: Use pxdp_get() for accessing page table entries set_memory: add __must_check to generic stubs mm/vma: return the exact errno in vms_gather_munmap_vmas() memcg: cleanup with !CONFIG_MEMCG_V1 mm/show_mem.c: report alloc tags in human readable units mm: support poison recovery from copy_present_page() mm: support poison recovery from do_cow_fault() resource, kunit: add test case for region_intersects() resource: make alloc_free_mem_region() works for iomem_resource mm: z3fold: deprecate CONFIG_Z3FOLD vfio/pci: implement huge_fault support mm/arm64: support large pfn mappings mm/x86: support large pfn mappings ...
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Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-zram

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@@ -151,3 +151,10 @@ Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
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Description:
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The recompress file is write-only and triggers re-compression
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with secondary compression algorithms.
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What: /sys/block/zram<id>/algorithm_params
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Date: August 2024
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Contact: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
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Description:
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The algorithm_params file is write-only and is used to setup
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compression algorithm parameters.

Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zram.rst

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#select lzo compression algorithm
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echo lzo > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
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For the time being, the `comp_algorithm` content does not necessarily
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show every compression algorithm supported by the kernel. We keep this
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list primarily to simplify device configuration and one can configure
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a new device with a compression algorithm that is not listed in
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`comp_algorithm`. The thing is that, internally, ZRAM uses Crypto API
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and, if some of the algorithms were built as modules, it's impossible
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to list all of them using, for instance, /proc/crypto or any other
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method. This, however, has an advantage of permitting the usage of
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custom crypto compression modules (implementing S/W or H/W compression).
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4) Set Disksize
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For the time being, the `comp_algorithm` content shows only compression
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algorithms that are supported by zram.
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4) Set compression algorithm parameters: Optional
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=================================================
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Compression algorithms may support specific parameters which can be
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tweaked for particular dataset. ZRAM has an `algorithm_params` device
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attribute which provides a per-algorithm params configuration.
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For example, several compression algorithms support `level` parameter.
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In addition, certain compression algorithms support pre-trained dictionaries,
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which significantly change algorithms' characteristics. In order to configure
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compression algorithm to use external pre-trained dictionary, pass full
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path to the `dict` along with other parameters::
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#pass path to pre-trained zstd dictionary
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echo "algo=zstd dict=/etc/dictioary" > /sys/block/zram0/algorithm_params
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#same, but using algorithm priority
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echo "priority=1 dict=/etc/dictioary" > \
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/sys/block/zram0/algorithm_params
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#pass path to pre-trained zstd dictionary and compression level
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echo "algo=zstd level=8 dict=/etc/dictioary" > \
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/sys/block/zram0/algorithm_params
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Parameters are algorithm specific: not all algorithms support pre-trained
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dictionaries, not all algorithms support `level`. Furthermore, for certain
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algorithms `level` controls the compression level (the higher the value the
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better the compression ratio, it even can take negatives values for some
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algorithms), for other algorithms `level` is acceleration level (the higher
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the value the lower the compression ratio).
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5) Set Disksize
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===============
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Set disk size by writing the value to sysfs node 'disksize'.
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since we expect a 2:1 compression ratio. Note that zram uses about 0.1% of the
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size of the disk when not in use so a huge zram is wasteful.
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5) Set memory limit: Optional
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6) Set memory limit: Optional
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=============================
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Set memory limit by writing the value to sysfs node 'mem_limit'.
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# To disable memory limit
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echo 0 > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
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6) Activate
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7) Activate
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===========
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::
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mkfs.ext4 /dev/zram1
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mount /dev/zram1 /tmp
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7) Add/remove zram devices
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8) Add/remove zram devices
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==========================
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zram provides a control interface, which enables dynamic (on-demand) device
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echo X > /sys/class/zram-control/hot_remove
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8) Stats
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9) Stats
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========
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Per-device statistics are exported as various nodes under /sys/block/zram<id>/
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max_comp_streams RW the number of possible concurrent compress
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operations
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comp_algorithm RW show and change the compression algorithm
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algorithm_params WO setup compression algorithm parameters
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compact WO trigger memory compaction
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debug_stat RO this file is used for zram debugging purposes
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backing_dev RW set up backend storage for zram to write out
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Unit: 4K bytes
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============== =============================================================
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9) Deactivate
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=============
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10) Deactivate
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==============
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::
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swapoff /dev/zram0
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umount /dev/zram1
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10) Reset
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11) Reset
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=========
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Write any positive value to 'reset' sysfs node::
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algorithm that successfully compresses a particular page. Sometimes, however,
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it is convenient (and sometimes even necessary) to limit recompression to
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only one particular algorithm so that it will not try any other algorithms.
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This can be achieved by providing a algo=NAME parameter:::
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This can be achieved by providing a `algo` or `priority` parameter:::
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#use zstd algorithm only (if registered)
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echo "type=huge algo=zstd" > /sys/block/zramX/recompress
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#use zstd algorithm only (if zstd was registered under priority 1)
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echo "type=huge priority=1" > /sys/block/zramX/recompress
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memory tracking
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===============
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Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/memory.rst

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memory.memsw.max_usage_in_bytes show max memory+Swap usage recorded
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memory.soft_limit_in_bytes set/show soft limit of memory usage
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This knob is not available on CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT systems.
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This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
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used.
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memory.stat show various statistics
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memory.use_hierarchy set/show hierarchical account enabled
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This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
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used.
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memory.force_empty trigger forced page reclaim
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memory.pressure_level set memory pressure notifications
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This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
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used.
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memory.swappiness set/show swappiness parameter of vmscan
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(See sysctl's vm.swappiness)
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memory.move_charge_at_immigrate set/show controls of moving charges
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This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
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used.
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memory.oom_control set/show oom controls.
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This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
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used.
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memory.numa_stat show the number of memory usage per numa
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node
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memory.kmem.limit_in_bytes Deprecated knob to set and read the kernel
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memory.kmem.max_usage_in_bytes show max kernel memory usage recorded
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memory.kmem.tcp.limit_in_bytes set/show hard limit for tcp buf memory
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This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
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used.
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memory.kmem.tcp.usage_in_bytes show current tcp buf memory allocation
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This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
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used.
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memory.kmem.tcp.failcnt show the number of tcp buf memory usage
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hits limits
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This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
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used.
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memory.kmem.tcp.max_usage_in_bytes show max tcp buf memory usage recorded
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This knob is deprecated and shouldn't be
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used.
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==================================== ==========================================
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1. History
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# echo 1 > memory.use_hierarchy
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7. Soft limits
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==============
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7. Soft limits (DEPRECATED)
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===========================
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THIS IS DEPRECATED!
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Soft limits allow for greater sharing of memory. The idea behind soft limits
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.. _cgroup-v1-memory-oom-control:
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10. OOM Control
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===============
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10. OOM Control (DEPRECATED)
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============================
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THIS IS DEPRECATED!
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memory.oom_control file is for OOM notification and other controls.
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The number of processes belonging to this cgroup killed by any
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kind of OOM killer.
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11. Memory Pressure
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===================
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11. Memory Pressure (DEPRECATED)
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================================
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THIS IS DEPRECATED!
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The pressure level notifications can be used to monitor the memory
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allocation cost; based on the pressure, applications can implement

Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst

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all the existing limitations and potential future extensions.
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memory.peak
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A read-only single value file which exists on non-root
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cgroups.
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A read-write single value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
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The max memory usage recorded for the cgroup and its descendants since
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either the creation of the cgroup or the most recent reset for that FD.
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The max memory usage recorded for the cgroup and its
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descendants since the creation of the cgroup.
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A write of any non-empty string to this file resets it to the
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current memory usage for subsequent reads through the same
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file descriptor.
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memory.oom.group
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for the huge page.
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numa_pages_migrated (npn)
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Number of pages migrated by NUMA balancing.
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numa_pte_updates (npn)
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Number of pages whose page table entries are modified by
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NUMA balancing to produce NUMA hinting faults on access.
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numa_hint_faults (npn)
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Number of NUMA hinting faults.
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pgdemote_kswapd
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Number of pages demoted by kswapd.
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pgdemote_direct
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Number of pages demoted directly.
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pgdemote_khugepaged
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Number of pages demoted by khugepaged.
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memory.numa_stat
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Healthy workloads are not expected to reach this limit.
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memory.swap.peak
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A read-only single value file which exists on non-root
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cgroups.
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A read-write single value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
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The max swap usage recorded for the cgroup and its descendants since
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the creation of the cgroup or the most recent reset for that FD.
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The max swap usage recorded for the cgroup and its
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A write of any non-empty string to this file resets it to the
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current memory usage for subsequent reads through the same
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file descriptor.
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0, as it still allows for pages to be written to the zswap pool.
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This setting has no effect if zswap is disabled, and swapping
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Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt

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Disable NUMA, Only set up a single NUMA node
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spanning all memory.
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numa=fake=<size>[MG]
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[KNL, ARM64, RISCV, X86, EARLY]
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If given as a memory unit, fills all system RAM with
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nodes of size interleaved over physical nodes.
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numa=fake=<N>
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[KNL, ARM64, RISCV, X86, EARLY]
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If given as an integer, fills all system RAM with N
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fake nodes interleaved over physical nodes.
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numa=fake=<N>U
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[KNL, ARM64, RISCV, X86, EARLY]
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If given as an integer followed by 'U', it will
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divide each physical node into N emulated nodes.
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numa_balancing= [KNL,ARM64,PPC,RISCV,S390,X86] Enable or disable automatic
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NUMA balancing.
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<deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
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0: no polling (default)
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thp_anon= [KNL]
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Format: <size>,<size>[KMG]:<state>;<size>-<size>[KMG]:<state>
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state is one of "always", "madvise", "never" or "inherit".
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Control the default behavior of the system with respect
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to anonymous transparent hugepages.
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Can be used multiple times for multiple anon THP sizes.
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See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/transhuge.rst for more
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details.
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threadirqs [KNL,EARLY]
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marked explicitly IRQF_NO_THREAD.

Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/start.rst

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This document briefly describes how you can use DAMON by demonstrating its
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default user space tool. Please note that this document describes only a part
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of its features for brevity. Please refer to the usage `doc
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<https://github.com/awslabs/damo/blob/next/USAGE.md>`_ of the tool for more
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<https://github.com/damonitor/damo/blob/next/USAGE.md>`_ of the tool for more
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For the demonstration, we will use the default user space tool for DAMON,
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called DAMON Operator (DAMO). It is available at
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https://github.com/damonitor/damo. The examples below assume that ``damo`` is on
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your ``$PATH``. It's not mandatory, though.
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Because DAMO is using the sysfs interface (refer to :doc:`usage` for the

Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/usage.rst

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DAMON provides below interfaces for different users.
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- *DAMON user space tool.*
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`This <https://github.com/awslabs/damo>`_ is for privileged people such as
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`This <https://github.com/damonitor/damo>`_ is for privileged people such as
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system administrators who want a just-working human-friendly interface.
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<https://github.com/damonitor/damo/blob/next/USAGE.md>`_.
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- *sysfs interface.*
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:ref:`This <sysfs_interface>` is for privileged user space programmers who
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want more optimized use of DAMON. Using this, users can use DAMON’s major
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features by reading from and writing to special sysfs files. Therefore,
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you can write and use your personalized DAMON sysfs wrapper programs that
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reads/writes the sysfs files instead of you. The `DAMON user space tool
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<https://github.com/awslabs/damo>`_ is one example of such programs.
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<https://github.com/damonitor/damo>`_ is one example of such programs.
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- *Kernel Space Programming Interface.*
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:doc:`This </mm/damon/api>` is for kernel space programmers. Using this,
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users can utilize every feature of DAMON most flexibly and efficiently by
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ memory rate becomes larger than 60%, or lower than 30%". ::
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# echo 300 > watermarks/low
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Please note that it's highly recommended to use user space tools like `damo
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<https://github.com/awslabs/damo>`_ rather than manually reading and writing
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<https://github.com/damonitor/damo>`_ rather than manually reading and writing
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the files as above. Above is only for an example.
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.. _tracepoint:

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