refactor: Add null-handling to profiler

[philprime]

This PR is derived from #5572 in an effort to make the large amount of changes easier to review for #5577.

Resolves warnings in SentryProfiledTracerConcurrency.mm and SentryProfiler.mm

#skip-changelog

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
⚠️ Please upload report for BASE (main@3c86ff3). Learn more about missing BASE report.
✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##             main     #5887   +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage        ?   86.628%           
========================================
  Files           ?       423           
  Lines           ?     36541           
  Branches        ?     17282           
========================================
  Hits            ?     31655           
  Misses          ?      4838           
  Partials        ?        48           

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...entry/Profiling/SentryProfiledTracerConcurrency.mm	92.063% <100.000%> (ø)
Sources/Sentry/SentryProfiler.mm	90.909% <100.000%> (ø)

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[github-actions]

Performance metrics 🚀

	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
Startup time	1241.60 ms	1268.32 ms	26.72 ms
Size	23.75 KiB	919.72 KiB	895.98 KiB

Baseline results on branch: main

Startup times

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
d38165b	1211.41 ms	1242.49 ms	31.08 ms
4bf98bf	1219.13 ms	1244.50 ms	25.38 ms
8047b99	1226.37 ms	1246.63 ms	20.26 ms
7416ffc	1225.55 ms	1241.80 ms	16.25 ms
7f2f69c	1237.61 ms	1266.96 ms	29.35 ms
ad964ca	1234.73 ms	1254.88 ms	20.15 ms
07d7e83	1211.71 ms	1240.08 ms	28.37 ms
db9572a	1200.27 ms	1234.80 ms	34.53 ms
2a7868a	1226.54 ms	1256.92 ms	30.37 ms
605fa27	1226.31 ms	1251.35 ms	25.05 ms

App size

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
d38165b	23.75 KiB	855.37 KiB	831.62 KiB
4bf98bf	23.75 KiB	919.70 KiB	895.95 KiB
8047b99	23.75 KiB	855.37 KiB	831.62 KiB
7416ffc	23.75 KiB	913.63 KiB	889.88 KiB
7f2f69c	23.75 KiB	913.38 KiB	889.63 KiB
ad964ca	23.75 KiB	913.17 KiB	889.42 KiB
07d7e83	23.75 KiB	913.27 KiB	889.52 KiB
db9572a	23.75 KiB	858.69 KiB	834.93 KiB
2a7868a	23.75 KiB	880.20 KiB	856.45 KiB
605fa27	23.75 KiB	908.03 KiB	884.28 KiB

Previous results on branch: philprime/strict-nullability-2

Startup times

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
53acbb6	1237.47 ms	1260.63 ms	23.16 ms
a870df8	1214.54 ms	1232.81 ms	18.27 ms

App size

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
53acbb6	23.75 KiB	908.17 KiB	884.42 KiB
a870df8	23.75 KiB	908.23 KiB	884.49 KiB

[philipphofmann]

Thanks