refactor: Integrate the materialized CTE into the plan and pipeline

[SkyFan2002]

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Summary

This PR improves the execution of materialized CTEs. Previously, a temporary table was created in the bind phase. This had several drawbacks:

1. the CTE and main query couldn't be jointly optimized by the optimizer
2. the information from "explain" and "profile" is inaccurate
3. automatic memory spilling of materialized CTE at the query level wasn't possible.

The proposed changes allow for better integration of materialized CTEs into the planning and optimization stages.

Tests

• Unit Test
• Logic Test
• Benchmark Test
• No Test - Explain why

Type of change

• Bug Fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New Feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking Change (fix or feature that could cause existing functionality not to work as expected)
• Documentation Update
• Refactoring
• Performance Improvement
• Other (please describe):

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This change is 

[github-actions]

🤖 Smart Auto-retry Analysis

Workflow: 16247208300

📊 Summary

• Total Jobs: 80
• Failed Jobs: 16
• Retryable: 0
• Code Issues: 16

❌ NO RETRY NEEDED

All failures appear to be code/test issues requiring manual fixes.

🔍 Job Details

• ❌ linux / sqllogic / standalone_minio_with_bendsave: Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / cluster (query, 4c16g, http): Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / cluster (duckdb, 4c16g, hybrid): Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / cluster (duckdb, 4c16g, http): Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / cluster (query, 4c16g, hybrid): Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / cluster (tpcds, 2c8g, hybrid): Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / cluster (tpch, 2c8g, hybrid): Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / cluster (tpch, 2c8g, http): Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / cluster (tpcds, 2c8g, http): Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / standalone (tpch, 2c8g, http): Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / standalone (standalone, 2c8g, http): Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / standalone (tpch, 2c8g, hybrid): Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / stage (s3, hybrid, full_path, small): Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / standalone (standalone, 2c8g, hybrid): Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / stage (fs, hybrid, sub_path, large): Not retryable (Code/Test)
• ❌ linux / sqllogic / stage (fs, hybrid, full_path, small): Not retryable (Code/Test)

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Automated analysis using job annotations to distinguish infrastructure issues (auto-retried) from code/test issues (manual fixes needed).