feat(glue): support for typed partition projection

[badmintoncryer]

Issue # (if applicable)

Closes #35428.

Reason for this change

AWS Glue partition projection configuration was not type-safe, making it prone to runtime errors.
Specifically:

• String-based configuration lacked type checking
• Required properties differed by projection type, but this wasn't enforced by types
• Validation errors were only detected at runtime

Description of changes

Refactored partition projection configuration to use a type-safe factory method pattern:

1. Factory Methods

• PartitionProjectionConfiguration.integer() - INTEGER type projection
• PartitionProjectionConfiguration.date() - DATE type projection
• PartitionProjectionConfiguration.enum() - ENUM type projection
• PartitionProjectionConfiguration.injected() - INJECTED type projection

Each factory method has a dedicated Props interface, with TypeScript's type system enforcing required
properties.

Describe any new or updated permissions being added

None

Description of how you validated changes

Add both unit and integ tests.

Checklist

• My code adheres to the CONTRIBUTING GUIDE
  and DESIGN GUIDELINES

---

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache-2.0
license

[badmintoncryer]

• Do not use union
• It is better to define PartitionProjection class and create factory methods such as PartitionProjection.Integer().
• @ throws may not be needed
• Do not import like readonly partitionProjection?: import('./partition-projection').PartitionProjection;
• Unit test for enum definition may not be essential.

describe('DateIntervalUnit', () => {
  test('has correct enum values', () => {
    expect(glue.DateIntervalUnit.YEARS).toBe('YEARS');
    expect(glue.DateIntervalUnit.MONTHS).toBe('MONTHS');
    expect(glue.DateIntervalUnit.WEEKS).toBe('WEEKS');
    expect(glue.DateIntervalUnit.DAYS).toBe('DAYS');
    expect(glue.DateIntervalUnit.HOURS).toBe('HOURS');
    expect(glue.DateIntervalUnit.MINUTES).toBe('MINUTES');
    expect(glue.DateIntervalUnit.SECONDS).toBe('SECONDS');
  });

  test('has all 7 interval units', () => {
    const values = Object.values(glue.DateIntervalUnit);
    expect(values).toHaveLength(7);
    expect(values).toContain('YEARS');
    expect(values).toContain('MONTHS');
    expect(values).toContain('WEEKS');
    expect(values).toContain('DAYS');
    expect(values).toContain('HOURS');
    expect(values).toContain('MINUTES');
    expect(values).toContain('SECONDS');
  });
});

[xkjjx]

Thanks for working on this @badmintoncryer !