GH-40756: [C++] Remove dead Boost urls

[jonkeane]

One of the URLs is dead (https://boostorg.jfrog.io/artifactory/main/release/1.81.0/source/boost_1_81_0.tar.gz) and the sourceforge link is to the non-trimmed version.

We are seeing these multiple downloads and fails on CRAN — I believe they get cleaned up so aren't the cause of those runners running out of space (See: https://www.r-project.org/nosvn/R.check/r-release-macos-x86_64/arrow-00install.txt and https://www.r-project.org/nosvn/R.check/r-oldrel-macos-x86_64/arrow-00install.html), but it still isn't great to have it download things we know will fail.

Rationale for this change

Don't download things we know will fail

What changes are included in this PR?

Removed two URLs

Are these changes tested?

Extensively.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

• GitHub Issue: [C++] Boost download still fails #40756

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #40756 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[kou]

+1

[jonkeane]

I'll merge when CI finishes, but FYI @amoeba we will want to include this alongside #46397 when we resubmit to CRAN

[jonkeane]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g cpp -g r

[github-actions]

Revision: fa17580

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-27592e6acc

Task	Status
example-cpp-minimal-build-static
example-cpp-minimal-build-static-system-dependency
example-cpp-tutorial
r-binary-packages
r-recheck-most
test-alpine-linux-cpp
test-build-cpp-fuzz
test-conda-cpp
test-conda-cpp-meson
test-conda-cpp-valgrind
test-cuda-cpp-ubuntu-22.04-cuda-11.7.1
test-debian-12-cpp-amd64
test-debian-12-cpp-i386
test-fedora-39-cpp
test-r-arrow-backwards-compatibility
test-r-depsource-bundled
test-r-depsource-system
test-r-dev-duckdb
test-r-devdocs
test-r-extra-packages
test-r-gcc-11
test-r-gcc-12
test-r-install-local
test-r-install-local-minsizerel
test-r-linux-as-cran
test-r-linux-rchk
test-r-linux-sanitizers
test-r-linux-valgrind
test-r-m1-san
test-r-macos-as-cran
test-r-minimal-build
test-r-offline-maximal
test-r-offline-minimal
test-r-rhub-debian-gcc-devel-lto-latest
test-r-rhub-debian-gcc-release-custom-ccache
test-r-rhub-ubuntu-release-latest
test-r-rocker-r-ver-latest
test-r-rstudio-r-base-4.1-opensuse155
test-r-rstudio-r-base-4.2-focal
test-r-ubuntu-22.04
test-r-versions
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-20
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-bundled
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-no-threading
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-bundled-offline
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-13-bundled
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-14
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-thread-sanitizer

[kou]

There are many failures... but it seems they are not related to this.
I'll merge this but we need to fix them as soon as possible...

[jonkeane]

Thanks! Many of the r failures were resolved in #46443

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 4 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 575cae6.

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about 14 possible false positives for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.