Library Management System using SQL Project

Project Overview

Project Title: Library Management System
Level: Intermediate
Database: library

This project demonstrates the implementation of a Library Management System using SQL. It includes creating and managing tables, performing CRUD operations, and executing advanced SQL queries. The goal is to showcase skills in database design, manipulation, and querying.

Objectives

1. Set up the Library Management System Database: Create and populate the database with tables for branches, employees, members, books, issued status, and return status.
2. CRUD Operations: Perform Create, Read, Update, and Delete operations on the data.
3. CTAS (Create Table As Select): Utilize CTAS to create new tables based on query results.
4. Advanced SQL Queries: Develop complex queries to analyze and retrieve specific data.

Project Structure

1. Database Setup

• Database Creation: Created a database named library.
• Table Creation: Created tables for branches, employees, members, books, issued status, and return status. Each table includes relevant columns and relationships.

CREATE DATABASE library;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS branch;
CREATE TABLE branch
(
            branch_id VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
            manager_id VARCHAR(10),
            branch_address VARCHAR(30),
            contact_no VARCHAR(15)
);


-- Create table "Employee"
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS employees;
CREATE TABLE employees
(
            emp_id VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
            emp_name VARCHAR(30),
            position VARCHAR(30),
            salary DECIMAL(10,2),
            branch_id VARCHAR(10),
            FOREIGN KEY (branch_id) REFERENCES  branch(branch_id)
);


-- Create table "Members"
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS members;
CREATE TABLE members
(
            member_id VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
            member_name VARCHAR(30),
            member_address VARCHAR(30),
            reg_date DATE
);



-- Create table "Books"
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS books;
CREATE TABLE books
(
            isbn VARCHAR(50) PRIMARY KEY,
            book_title VARCHAR(80),
            category VARCHAR(30),
            rental_price DECIMAL(10,2),
            status VARCHAR(10),
            author VARCHAR(30),
            publisher VARCHAR(30)
);



-- Create table "IssueStatus"
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS issued_status;
CREATE TABLE issued_status
(
            issued_id VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
            issued_member_id VARCHAR(30),
            issued_book_name VARCHAR(80),
            issued_date DATE,
            issued_book_isbn VARCHAR(50),
            issued_emp_id VARCHAR(10),
            FOREIGN KEY (issued_member_id) REFERENCES members(member_id),
            FOREIGN KEY (issued_emp_id) REFERENCES employees(emp_id),
            FOREIGN KEY (issued_book_isbn) REFERENCES books(isbn) 
);



-- Create table "ReturnStatus"
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS return_status;
CREATE TABLE return_status
(
            return_id VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
            issued_id VARCHAR(30),
            return_book_name VARCHAR(80),
            return_date DATE,
            return_book_isbn VARCHAR(50),
            FOREIGN KEY (return_book_isbn) REFERENCES books(isbn)
);

2. CRUD Operations

• Create: Inserted sample records into the books table.
• Read: Retrieved and displayed data from various tables.
• Update: Updated records in the employees table.
• Delete: Removed records from the members table as needed.

Task 1. Create a New Book Record -- "978-1-60129-456-2', 'To Kill a Mockingbird', 'Classic', 6.00, 'yes', 'Harper Lee', 'J.B. Lippincott & Co.')"

INSERT INTO books(isbn, book_title, category, rental_price, status, author, publisher)
VALUES('978-1-60129-456-2', 'To Kill a Mockingbird', 'Classic', 6.00, 'yes', 'Harper Lee', 'J.B. Lippincott & Co.');
SELECT * FROM books;

Task 2: Update an Existing Member's Address

UPDATE members
SET member_address = '125 Oak St'
WHERE member_id = 'C103';

Task 3: Delete a Record from the Issued Status Table -- Objective: Delete the record with issued_id = 'IS121' from the issued_status table.

DELETE FROM issued_status
WHERE   issued_id =   'IS121';

Task 4: Retrieve All Books Issued by a Specific Employee -- Objective: Select all books issued by the employee with emp_id = 'E101'.

SELECT * FROM issued_status
WHERE issued_emp_id = 'E101'

Task 5: List Members Who Have Issued More Than One Book -- Objective: Use GROUP BY to find members who have issued more than one book.

SELECT
    issued_emp_id,
    COUNT(*)
FROM issued_status
GROUP BY 1
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1

3. CTAS (Create Table As Select)

• Task 6: Create Summary Tables: Used CTAS to generate new tables based on query results - each book and total book_issued_cnt**

CREATE TABLE book_issued_cnt AS
SELECT b.isbn, b.book_title, COUNT(ist.issued_id) AS issue_count
FROM issued_status as ist
JOIN books as b
ON ist.issued_book_isbn = b.isbn
GROUP BY b.isbn, b.book_title;

4. Data Analysis & Findings

The following SQL queries were used to address specific questions:

Task 7. Retrieve All Books in a Specific Category:

SELECT * FROM books
WHERE category = 'Classic';

Task 8: Find Total Rental Income by Category:

SELECT 
    b.category,
    SUM(b.rental_price),
    COUNT(*)
FROM 
issued_status as ist
JOIN
books as b
ON b.isbn = ist.issued_book_isbn
GROUP BY 1

Task 9. List Employees with Their Branch Manager's Name and their branch details:

SELECT 
    e1.emp_id,
    e1.emp_name,
    e1.position,
    e1.salary,
    b.*,
    e2.emp_name as manager
FROM employees as e1
JOIN 
branch as b
ON e1.branch_id = b.branch_id    
JOIN
employees as e2
ON e2.emp_id = b.manager_id

Task 10. Create a Table of Books with Rental Price Above a Certain Threshold:

CREATE TABLE expensive_books AS
SELECT * FROM books
WHERE rental_price > 7.00;

Task 11: Retrieve the List of Books Not Yet Returned

SELECT * FROM issued_status as ist
LEFT JOIN
return_status as rs
ON rs.issued_id = ist.issued_id
WHERE rs.return_id IS NULL;

Advanced SQL Operations

Task 12: Identify Members with Overdue Books
Write a query to identify members who have overdue books (assume a 30-day return period). Display the member's_id, member's name, book title, issue date, and days overdue.

SELECT 
    ist.issued_member_id,
    m.member_name,
    bk.book_title,
    ist.issued_date,
    -- rs.return_date,
    CURRENT_DATE - ist.issued_date as over_dues_days
FROM issued_status as ist
JOIN 
members as m
    ON m.member_id = ist.issued_member_id
JOIN 
books as bk
ON bk.isbn = ist.issued_book_isbn
LEFT JOIN 
return_status as rs
ON rs.issued_id = ist.issued_id
WHERE 
    rs.return_date IS NULL
    AND
    (CURRENT_DATE - ist.issued_date) > 30
ORDER BY 1

Task 13: Update Book Status on Return
Write a query to update the status of books in the books table to "Yes" when they are returned (based on entries in the return_status table).

SELECT * FROM issued_status
WHERE issued_book_isbn = '978-0-451-52994-2';
-- IS104

SELECT * FROM books
WHERE isbn = '978-0-451-52994-2';

UPDATE books
SET status = 'no'
WHERE isbn = '978-0-451-52994-2';

SELECT * FROM return_status
WHERE issued_id = 'IS130';

UPDATE books
SET status = 'yes'
WHERE isbn = '978-0-451-52994-2';

-- 
INSERT INTO return_status(return_id, issued_id, return_date)
VALUES
('RS125', 'IS130', CURRENT_DATE);
SELECT * FROM return_status
WHERE issued_id = 'IS130';

Task 14: Branch Performance Report
Create a query that generates a performance report for each branch, showing the number of books issued, the number of books returned, and the total revenue generated from book rentals.

CREATE TABLE branch_reports
AS
SELECT 
    b.branch_id,
    b.manager_id,
    COUNT(ist.issued_id) as number_book_issued,
    COUNT(rs.return_id) as number_of_book_return,
    SUM(bk.rental_price) as total_revenue
FROM issued_status as ist
JOIN 
employees as e
ON e.emp_id = ist.issued_emp_id
JOIN
branch as b
ON e.branch_id = b.branch_id
LEFT JOIN
return_status as rs
ON rs.issued_id = ist.issued_id
JOIN 
books as bk
ON ist.issued_book_isbn = bk.isbn
GROUP BY 1, 2;

SELECT * FROM branch_reports;

Task 15: Find Employees with the Most Book Issues Processed
Write a query to find the top 3 employees who have processed the most book issues. Display the employee name, number of books processed, and their branch.

SELECT 
    e.emp_name,
    b.*,
    COUNT(ist.issued_id) as no_book_issued
FROM issued_status as ist
JOIN
employees as e
ON e.emp_id = ist.issued_emp_id
JOIN
branch as b
ON e.branch_id = b.branch_id
GROUP BY 1, 2

Reports

• Database Schema: Detailed table structures and relationships.
• Data Analysis: Insights into book categories, employee salaries, member registration trends, and issued books.
• Summary Reports: Aggregated data on high-demand books and employee performance.

Conclusion

This project demonstrates the application of SQL skills in creating and managing a library management system. It includes database setup, data manipulation, and advanced querying, providing a solid foundation for data management and analysis.

Thank you for your interest in this project!