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Improper HTML sanitization in ZITADEL

High severity GitHub Reviewed Published Mar 18, 2024 in zitadel/zitadel • Updated Jul 8, 2025

Package

gomod github.com/zitadel/zitadel (Go)

Affected versions

>= 2.42.0, < 2.42.15
>= 2.43.0, < 2.43.9
>= 2.44.0, < 2.44.3
= 2.45.0
= 2.46.0
>= 2.47.0, < 2.47.4
< 0.0.0-20240311065202-07ec2efa9dc6
>= 1.80.1, < 2.41.15
>= 0.0.0, < 1.80.0-v2.20.0.20240311065202-07ec2efa9dc6

Patched versions

2.42.15
2.43.9
2.44.3
2.45.1
2.46.1
2.47.4
0.0.0-20240311065202-07ec2efa9dc6
2.41.15
1.80.0-v2.20.0.20240311065202-07ec2efa9dc6

Description

Impact

ZITADEL uses Go templates to render the login UI.

Due to a improper use of the text/template instead of the html/template package, the Login UI did not sanitize input parameters. An attacker could create a malicious link, where he injected code which would be rendered as part of the login screen.
While it was possible to inject HTML including javascript, the execution of such scripts would be prevented by the Content Security Policy.

Patches

2.x versions are fixed on >= 2.47.3
2.46.x versions are fixed on >= 2.46.1
2.45.x versions are fixed on >= 2.45.1
2.44.x versions are fixed on >= 2.44.3
2.43.x versions are fixed on >= 2.43.9
2.42.x versions are fixed on >= 2.42.15
2.41.x versions are fixed on >= 2.41.15

ZITADEL recommends upgrading to the latest versions available in due course.

Workarounds

There is no workaround since a patch is already available.

Questions

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at security@zitadel.com

Credits

Thanks to Daniel Philipp - owt and Thomas Wickham - synopsis for reporting this.

References

@livio-a livio-a published to zitadel/zitadel Mar 18, 2024
Published to the GitHub Advisory Database Mar 18, 2024
Reviewed Mar 18, 2024
Published by the National Vulnerability Database Mar 18, 2024
Last updated Jul 8, 2025

Severity

High

CVSS overall score

This score calculates overall vulnerability severity from 0 to 10 and is based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS).
/ 10

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
None

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector: More severe the more the remote (logically and physically) an attacker can be in order to exploit the vulnerability.
Attack complexity: More severe for the least complex attacks.
Privileges required: More severe if no privileges are required.
User interaction: More severe when no user interaction is required.
Scope: More severe when a scope change occurs, e.g. one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.
Confidentiality: More severe when loss of data confidentiality is highest, measuring the level of data access available to an unauthorized user.
Integrity: More severe when loss of data integrity is the highest, measuring the consequence of data modification possible by an unauthorized user.
Availability: More severe when the loss of impacted component availability is highest.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

EPSS score

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

This score estimates the probability of this vulnerability being exploited within the next 30 days. Data provided by FIRST.
(78th percentile)

Weaknesses

Improper Input Validation

The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly. Learn more on MITRE.

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users. Learn more on MITRE.

CVE ID

CVE-2024-28855

GHSA ID

GHSA-hfrg-4jwr-jfpj

Source code

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