Usage

make test builds and runs the tests for Solana and EVM implementations.

EVM

Verify 13 signatures multisig (v1 VAA)

Gas cost	Gas cost / VAA	Implementation	Notes
134,689	134,689	mainnet core
108,341	108,341	CoreBridgeLib	Usage of this implementation is up to integrator.
88,686	88,686	modified mainnet core	Keeps public keys in calldata. Not backwards compatible.1
69,570	69,570	modified mainnet core	Optimized, backwards compatible implementation.1
51,061	51,061	VerificationV2	VAA with 100 bytes body
52,886	52,886	VerificationV2	VAA with 5000 bytes body
50,836	50,836	VerificationV2	Header + digest verification
188,320	47,080	VerificationV2	Header + digest batch verification for 4 VAAs

This means that there is a fixed overhead of ~5008 gas units for batch multisig verification in VerificationV2.

Verify 1 threshold signature (v2 VAA)

Gas cost	Gas cost / VAA	Implementation	Notes
13,874	13,874	early VerificationV2	Proxied
8,962	8,962	early VerificationV2	No proxy, i.e. unupgradeable
8,544	8,544	VerificationV2	VAA with 100 bytes body
10,430	10,430	VerificationV2	VAA with 5000 bytes body
6,177	6,177	VerificationV2	Header + digest verification
17,385	4,347	VerificationV2	Header + digest batch verification for 4 VAAs

This means that there is a fixed overhead of ~2441 gas units for batch schnorr verification in VerificationV2.

Current vs VerificationV2 comparison

Sources

The costs for implementations other than VerificationV2 come from here

The costs for VerificationV2 come from some benchmark tests that we have here.

Solana

VerificationV2 in Solana only implements verification of v2 VAAs.

Performance

We did comparisons against verification implementations for v1 VAAs and an early version of VerificationV2.

Computation cost	Unrecoverable Rent	# of Txs	Implementation	Notes
146,709	0.003874272	4	old core	Only v1 VAAs.
337,883	0.000015040	2	shim verify	Allows verification of large VAAs. Only v1 VAAs.
53,417	0	1	early VerificationV2	VAA with 100 bytes body.
33,902	0	1	VerificationV2	VAA with 100 bytes body.
34,057	0	1	VerificationV2	VAA with 100 bytes body. Also returns VAA body to caller.
33,378	0	1	VerificationV2	Header + digest verification. Allows verification of large VAAs.

We created two charts here to show the verification costs of four implementations in two different ranges of priority prices.

The first chart shows the verification costs for priority prices of up to 12 lamports per computation unit.

The second chart shows the verification costs for priority prices of up to 30 millilamports per computation unit.

Wide range of priority prices

Lower range of priority prices

Sources

The costs for the old core and shim verify come from here. We used the total costs for both.

The costs for the Solana VerificationV2 implementation come from benchmark tests we have here.

Footnotes

1. Never deployed to mainnet nor testnet. ↩ ↩²