1. Introduction to Java Programming

• Evolution of Java
• Java Features
  • Simple, Portable, Object-oriented, Robust, High-performance, Dynamic, Secure, Multithreaded, Architecture-Neutral, Distributed.
• Java Workflow
  • JVM, JRE, JDK.
• Basic Syntax
  • Classes, Methods (main method), Comments (single-line, multi-line, Javadoc), Identifiers.
• Compilation and Execution
  • javac and java commands.
• User Input
  • Scanner class.

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2. Data Types and Operators in Java

• Data Types
  • Primitive (int, float, double, boolean, char).
  • Non-primitive (String, Array, Objects).
• Type Casting
  • Widening (Implicit) and Narrowing (Explicit).
• Operators
  • Arithmetic, Assignment, Comparison, Logical, Bitwise.

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3. Control Statements in Java

• Selection Statements
  • if-else, switch-case.
• Iteration Statements
  • for, while, do-while, Enhanced for loop.
• Jump Statements
  • break, continue, return.
• Methods
  • Definition, Parameters, Arguments, Scope (Method and Block).

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4. Introduction to Object Orientation

• Software Crisis
• OOP Advantages
  • Modularity, Reusability, Extensibility, Maintainability.
• Core OOP Concepts
  • Objects, Classes, Instantiation, Reuse.
• Attributes and Methods
  • Instance variables, Method calls.
• Four Pillars of OOP
  • Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction.

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5. Basic Object-Oriented Concepts

• Classes and Objects
  • Definition, Instantiation (new keyword), Constructors (Default, Parameterized).
• Methods
  • Instance methods, this keyword.
• Constructors
  • Purpose, Overloading, this keyword usage.

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6. Encapsulation

• Definition
  • Data hiding, Access modifiers (public, private, protected, default).
• Getter and Setter Methods
• Class/Static Variables and Methods
  • static keyword, Usage scenarios.

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7. Arrays in Java

• Types of Arrays
  • One-dimensional, Multi-dimensional.
• Declaration and Initialization
• Common Operations
  • Accessing elements, Looping (for, Enhanced for), length property.

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8. Strings in Java

• String Creation
  • Literal vs. new keyword.
• String Methods
  • length(), charAt(), concat(), substring(), toUpperCase(), etc.
• String Immutability
• StringBuilder and StringBuffer
  • Mutable strings, Thread safety.

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9. Inheritance

• Definition and Importance
• Types of Inheritance
  • Single, Multilevel, Hierarchical.
• super Keyword
• Method Overriding
• Access Modifiers in Inheritance

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10. Polymorphism

• Types
  • Compile-time (Method Overloading, Constructor Overloading).
  • Runtime (Method Overriding).
• Examples
  • Hierarchical inheritance, Superclass reference to subclass objects.

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11. Abstraction

• Definition
  • Hiding implementation details.
• Abstract Classes
  • Syntax, Abstract methods, Constructors.
• Interfaces
  • Syntax, Multiple inheritance, Default and static methods (Java 8+).
• Abstraction vs. Encapsulation

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12. Exception Handling and Threading

• Exceptions
  • Types: Checked, Unchecked, Errors.
  • Handling: try-catch, finally, throw, throws.
• Threading
  • Thread lifecycle, Creation (extending Thread, implementing Runnable).
  • Synchronization, Inter-thread communication (wait, notify).