Summary

UD_Khoekhoe-KDT is a Universal Dependencies (UD) treebank for the Khoekhoe language. The annotation was performed manually based on glosses. This treebank includes texts from various sources: fiction, grammar, and spoken conversation. The treebank contains 27k tokens, distributed as follows:

• Training set: 15k tokens
• Development set: 2k tokens
• Test set: 10k tokens

Introduction

The UD_Khoekhoe-KDT treebank consists of various texts translated into Khoekhoe by native speakers, then glossed and annotated. The included texts are:

• grammar_Cairo: 20 examples from the Cairo Cicling Corpus)
• grammar_BivalTyp: BivalTyp dataset.
• film_Bridge: Subtitles from Bridge of Spies (2015).
• film_Titanic: A section of subtitles from Titanic (1997).
• book_Khomai: Chapters from the school book Khomai (1971), with shuffled sentences.
• conversation_Windhoek5: A recorded conversation between two friends, anonymized by shuffling sentences.

Genre Classification

• Fiction: Sentence IDs start with film/book.
• Grammar: Sentence IDs start with grammar.
• Spoken: Sentence IDs start with conversation.

Data Splits

• Training set: Full grammar_Cairo, sections of grammar_BivalTyp, film_Bridge, book_Khomai, conversation_Windhoek5
• Development set: Sections of grammar_BivalTyp, film_Bridge, conversation_Windhoek5
• Test set: Full film_Titanic, sections of grammar_BivalTyp, book_Khomai, conversation_Windhoek5

Acknowledgments

Roswitha Gases, Mauricius Gariseb, Mildred Howoses, Petronella Nauises, Dorothea Tases, Zarina Molochieva, Meidad Ovadia, Adam Rapoport, Naama Tiroshi, Anna Veselovsky, Margaret Zellers

References

• Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena and Sylvanus Job. 2024. Bivalent patterns in Khoekhoe. In: Say, Sergey (ed.). BivalTyp: Typological database of bivalent verbs and their encoding frames. (Data first published on January 23, 2024; last revised on December 10, 2024.) (Available online at https://www.bivaltyp.info, Accessed on 18 February 2025.)

Changelog

• 2025-05-15 v2.16
  • Initial release in Universal Dependencies.

=== Machine-readable metadata (DO NOT REMOVE!) ================================
Data available since: UD v2.16
License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Includes text: yes
Genre: fiction grammar-examples spoken
Lemmas: manual native
UPOS: manual native
XPOS: manual native
Features: manual native
Relations: manual native
Contributors: Tulchynska, Kira; Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena; Job, Sylvanus; Hahn, Michael
Contributing: here
Contact: kira.tulchynska@mail.huji.ac.il, witzlack@gmail.com
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