Home Security System with RFID and Multi-factor Authentication

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Overview

This project introduces a secure and user-friendly home security system that employs RFID technology and multi-factor authentication. By integrating an RC522 RFID card reader, R307 fingerprint sensor, and numerical password entry, we provide robust access control. A mobile application enhances the user experience, allowing access management, log monitoring, and temporary passkey generation.

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Features

Hardware Components

• RC522 RFID Reader and Tag: RFID-based authentication for user identification.
• R307 Fingerprint Sensor: Adds biometric verification for enhanced security.
• Keypad: Enables numerical password entry for additional flexibility.
• ESP32 Microcontroller: Manages hardware operations and communicates with the mobile app.
• Buzzer: Provides audio feedback:
  • Single beep: Successful authentication
  • Double beep: Failed authentication
• LED Indicators:
  • Blue LED: Successful authentication
  • Red LED: Failed authentication
• Servo Motor: Secures the locking mechanism.

Software Components

• Flutter Framework: Used to develop the mobile app for managing accounts, access logs, and passkey generation.
• Firebase Backend: Handles authentication, database storage, and real-time syncing with hardware.

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System Workflow

1. Authentication Process

   • Step 1: User scans their RFID card.
   • Step 2: If valid, the system requests fingerprint verification.
   • Optional: A numerical password can also be entered using the keypad.
   • Feedback:
     • Success: Blue LED and one beep.
     • Failure: Red LED and two beeps.

2. Mobile App Features

   • View logs of successful and failed access attempts.
   • Generate and manage temporary passkeys valid for 10 minutes.
   • Real-time sync with Firebase for secure and seamless access control.

3. Real-Time Logging

   • All access attempts are logged in Firebase for transparency.
   • Logs include RFID scans, fingerprint matches, and password entries.

4. Lock Control

   • Successful authentication triggers the servo motor to unlock the door.
   • Hardware feedback ensures user awareness of the process outcome.

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Mobile Application

Built using the Flutter Framework, the app provides an intuitive interface for seamless interaction:

• Login and Signup: Securely create and manage accounts.
• Access Logs: Monitor successful and failed access attempts with timestamps.
• Temporary Passkeys: Generate one-time passwords for guests without RFID cards or registered fingerprints.

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Future Enhancements

To further improve the system, we propose:

1. Camera Integration: Capture images during each access attempt for visual verification.
2. Geo-Fencing: Restrict access based on the user’s geographic location.
3. Push Notifications: Provide real-time alerts for all access attempts.
4. IoT Integration: Expand functionality to control other smart home devices, such as lights and cameras.

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Installation and Usage

Hardware Setup

1. Connect the RFID reader, fingerprint sensor, keypad, and servo motor to the ESP32 microcontroller.
2. Install the buzzer and LED indicators for feedback.

Software Setup

1. Clone this repository:
2. Install required dependencies for Flutter and Firebase:
3. Deploy Firebase backend and configure it to sync with the mobile app.
4. Upload the microcontroller code to the ESP32.

Run the System

1. Power the hardware components.
2. Use the mobile app for access management and monitoring.

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References

1. ESP32: Introduction to ESP32
2. Fingerprint Sensor: Biometric Door Lock System
3. RFID: RC522 Interfacing with ESP32

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Conclusion

This project successfully integrates multi-factor authentication with robust hardware and software design, offering a secure and scalable solution for modern home security needs. Future advancements like IoT integration and geo-fencing can make the system even more versatile and effective.