Use checked_length when collecting ranges

[jishnub]

This improves the status quo slightly, as it avoids a segfault if the length computation for the ranges overflow. This is only possible for known Integer types in Base, for which a checked_length method exists. However, this is enough to address common cases.

After this,

julia> r = typemin(Int):typemax(Int)
-9223372036854775808:9223372036854775807

julia> collect(r)
ERROR: OverflowError: 9223372036854775807 - -9223372036854775808 overflowed for type Int64

Fixes #58245

The performance of collect seems unaffected by this change, as this check should be inexpensive compared to the following setindex!.

[giordano]

After this,

That sounds like a good test to add, no?

[mbauman]

Why not always use checked_length? It already falls back to length in that last ::Any method:

julia> methods(Base.checked_length)
# 9 methods for generic function "checked_length" from Base:
 [1] checked_length(r::Base.OneTo{<:Union{Int16, Int32, Int8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt8}})
     @ range.jl:830
 [2] checked_length(r::StepRange{<:Dates.Period})
     @ Dates ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-1.10.9+0.aarch64.apple.darwin14/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/Dates/src/ranges.jl:28
 [3] checked_length(r::AbstractUnitRange{T}) where T<:Rational
     @ rational.jl:582
 [4] checked_length(r::AbstractUnitRange{<:Union{Int16, Int32, Int8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt8}})
     @ range.jl:829
 [5] checked_length(r::AbstractUnitRange{T}) where T
     @ range.jl:730
 [6] checked_length(r::OrdinalRange{T}) where T<:Union{Int128, Int64, UInt128, UInt64}
     @ range.jl:798
 [7] checked_length(r::OrdinalRange{<:Union{Int16, Int32, Int8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt8}})
     @ range.jl:828
 [8] checked_length(r::OrdinalRange{T}) where T
     @ range.jl:713
 [9] checked_length(r)
     @ Base.Checked checked.jl:367