A DIY Automatic Irrigation System project using Arduino Uno and a soil moisture sensor to automatically water plants based on soil moisture levels, ensuring healthy plants even during extended absences.
- Automated Watering - Triggers water pump based on soil moisture levels
- Soil Moisture Detection - Real-time monitoring using a soil moisture sensor
- Relay Control - Manages pump operation safely and efficiently
- Low Maintenance - Operates independently without human intervention
- Customizable Thresholds - Adjustable moisture levels for different plants
- Cost-Effective - Affordable setup for home gardens or indoor plants
- Portable Design - Compact system for versatile deployment
- Suitable for Indoor/Outdoor - Works for both garden and potted plants
- Arduino Uno (1x) - Microcontroller for processing and control
- Soil Moisture Sensor (1x) - Measures soil moisture levels
- 5V Relay Module (1x) - Controls the water pump
- 6V Mini Water Pump with Pipe (1x) - Delivers water to plants
- 5V Battery (1x) - Power source for the system
- Connecting Wires - For circuit connections
- Breadboard (Optional) - For prototyping connections
- LCD Display - For real-time moisture level display
- LED Indicators - Visual feedback for system status
- External Power Supply - For larger pumps or extended operation
- Water Container - Reservoir for the pump
Arduino Uno Connections:
┌─────────────────┬──────────────────┬────────────────┐
│ Arduino Pin │ Component │ Function │
├─────────────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────┤
│ A0 │ Soil Moisture │ Analog Input │
│ 3 │ Relay Module │ Signal Control │
│ 5V, GND │ Relay/Sensor │ Power Supply │
│ Vin, GND │ Battery │ Power Input │
└─────────────────┴──────────────────┴────────────────┘
📖 Complete Circuit Diagram: View Detailed Schematic
- Install the Arduino IDE from arduino.cc
- Connect the Arduino Uno to your computer via USB
- Update the Arduino board definitions:
Tools -> Board -> Boards Manager -> Install Arduino AVR Boards
No external libraries are required for this project. The code uses basic Arduino functions.
Clone the project repository:
git clone https://github.com/electroscopearchive/automatic-irrigation-system-arduino-uno.git
cd automatic-irrigation-system-arduino-uno
Upload the main script using Arduino IDE:
File -> Open -> code.ino
- Connect the soil moisture sensor, relay module, and water pump to the Arduino Uno as per the circuit diagram
- Upload the Arduino code (
code.ino) - Insert the soil moisture sensor into the plant soil
- Place the pump in a water container with the pipe directed to the plant
- Power the system with a 5V battery
- Monitor the system via Serial Monitor (optional) for debugging
int soilMoistureValue = 0;
int percentage = 0;
void setup() {
pinMode(3, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
soilMoistureValue = analogRead(A0);
percentage = map(soilMoistureValue, 490, 1023, 0, 100);
Serial.println(percentage);
if (percentage < 10) {
Serial.println("pump on");
digitalWrite(3, LOW);
}
if (percentage > 80) {
Serial.println("pump off");
digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
}
}├── Code/
│ └── code.ino # Main Arduino sketch
├── Documentation/
│ └── Component_Connections.md # Detailed connections
├── Circuit Diagram/
│ └── Irrigation_System_Circuit.png # Wiring schematic
└── README.md # This file
analogRead()- Reads soil moisture sensor datamap()- Converts raw sensor values to percentagedigitalWrite()- Controls the relay to turn the pump on/offSerial.println()- Outputs debug information to Serial Monitor
Sensor Not Reading Correctly
- Verify sensor connections to A0, 5V, and GND
- Calibrate sensor using dry and wet soil values
- Check for loose wires or damaged sensor
Pump Not Activating
- Ensure relay module is connected to pin 3 and powered
- Verify battery voltage matches pump requirements
- Check relay signal (active LOW)
Inconsistent Watering
- Adjust moisture thresholds (10% and 80%) in code
- Ensure sensor is placed near plant roots
- Test pump with a manual toggle to confirm functionality
- Indoor Plants - Automate care for potted plants
- Small Gardens - Maintain backyard or balcony gardens
- Vacation Care - Water plants during extended absences
- Greenhouses - Manage irrigation for controlled environments
- Small Farms - Automate watering for small crop zones
- Hydroponics - Regulate water delivery in soilless systems
- STEM Projects - Teach microcontroller and sensor integration
- Plant Science - Study moisture effects on plant growth
- Automation Lessons - Demonstrate feedback control systems
- WiFi Connectivity - Add ESP8266 for remote monitoring
- Mobile App Integration - Control and monitor via smartphone
- Multiple Sensors - Support multiple plants with zoned irrigation
- LCD Display - Show real-time moisture and pump status
- Solar Power - Use solar panels for eco-friendly operation
- Data Logging - Store moisture data for analysis
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Operating Voltage | 5V DC |
| Current Consumption | 1-3W (with pump active) |
| Sensor Range | 0-100% moisture |
| Pump Capacity | 100-500mL/min (adjustable) |
| Operating System | Arduino IDE |
| Operating Temperature | 0°C to 50°C |
We welcome contributions! Please follow these steps:
- Fork the repository
- Create a feature branch (
git checkout -b feature/AmazingFeature) - Commit changes (
git commit -m 'Add AmazingFeature') - Push to branch (
git push origin feature/AmazingFeature) - Open a Pull Request
- Follow Arduino coding standards
- Test modifications on Arduino hardware
- Update documentation for new features
- Include comments for complex code sections
- 📖 Complete Tutorial: CircuitDigest - Automatic Irrigation System Guide
- 📚 Arduino Soil Moisture Sensor Tutorial: Circuit Digest
- 🎓 More Arduino Projects: Circuit Digest Arduino Collection
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