Modular ESP32 Weather Station (Professional Edition)

This project provides a professional-grade, modular, and extensible firmware structure for building a feature-rich weather station using an ESP32 microcontroller. It is designed for high reliability, easy configuration, and future expansion.

Core Features

• Fully Modular: Every sensor is conditionally compiled. Enable or disable features by changing a single line in config.h.
• Robust & Safe: The code includes health checks for all sensors on startup and uses safe memory management practices.
• Advanced Calculations: Includes time-based calculations for rainfall (60-minute sliding window, daily, weekly, monthly).
• Remote Management:
  • Over-the-Air (OTA) Updates: Update the firmware remotely over Wi-Fi.
  • MQTT Health Status: Publishes the boot-up health status of each sensor.
  • MQTT Remote Debugging: Toggle a debug mode via MQTT to receive detailed sensor data for troubleshooting.
• NTP Time Sync: Automatically synchronizes time to ensure accurate calculations.
• Centralized Configuration: A single, clean config.h file for all your settings.

Remote Management

Over-the-Air (OTA) Updates

Once the device is on your Wi-Fi network, you can upload new firmware without a physical connection. In PlatformIO, this is typically done by setting an upload_port with the device's IP address or hostname in platformio.ini and using the "Upload" command. The default hostname is configured in config.h.

MQTT Health & Debugging

The station uses a base topic (weatherstation/) which can be configured.

• Health Status: On boot, the status of each enabled sensor is published to weatherstation/health/<Sensor_Name> (e.g., weatherstation/health/Wind_Direction). The payload will be OK or FAIL.
• Remote Debugging:
  1. Publish a message (on, true, or 1) to the topic weatherstation/control/debug to enable debug mode.
  2. Publish any other message (off, false, 0) to the same topic to disable it.
  3. When enabled, each sensor will publish detailed raw data or status messages to its own debug topic (e.g., weatherstation/livingroom/winddir/debug).

Sensor Suite

This project contains drivers for a wide array of environmental sensors.

Measurement	Sensor	Interface	Default Status
Ambient Light	LDR	Analog	Enabled
Gas (Propane, Methane etc.)	MQ-2	Analog	Enabled
UV Index	GY-8511	Analog	Enabled
Wind Direction	WH-SP-WD	Analog	Enabled
Rainfall	MS-WH-SP-RG	Pulse	Enabled
Wind Speed	WH-SP-WS01	Pulse	Enabled
Light (Lux)	GY-302 (BH1750)	I2C	Enabled
Lightning Detection	AS3935	I2C	Enabled
CO₂	MH-Z19E	UART	Enabled
Air Quality (Gases)	SGP30	I2C	Disabled
Air Quality (Particulates)	Plantower PMS5003	UART	Disabled
Soil Moisture & Temp	Capacitive + DS18B20	Analog/1-Wire	Disabled

Configuration

All project configuration is done in src/config.h.

1. Enable/Disable Sensors: Find the --- Enable/Disable Sensors --- section and comment or uncomment the #define for each sensor you want to use.
2. Set Network Credentials: Configure your WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD, and MQTT_BROKER_IP.
3. Set Time Zone: Configure UTC_OFFSET_SECONDS and DAYLIGHT_OFFSET_SECONDS.
4. Calibrate & Configure Sensors: Review all pin assignments, I2C addresses, and especially the RAIN_MM_PER_PULSE and WIND_KMH_PER_PULSE_PER_SEC constants to match your hardware.

Future Expansion: Suggested Calculations

With this rich sensor data, you can implement many more calculations in the src/calculations directory.

Calculation	Requires Sensors	Description
Dew Point	Temperature, Humidity	A better measure of how "humid" it feels.
Wind Chill	Temperature, Wind Speed	How cold it feels when wind is a factor.
AQI (Air Quality Index)	Particulate (PMS) or Gas (SGP30)	A standardized index for reporting air pollution.
Cloud Base (Est.)	Temperature, Dew Point	An estimation of the altitude of the cloud base.