soc: stm32f1x: Add support for stop/standby modes

Add config and overlay to samples for testing stop/standby modes:

- samples/boards/st/power_mgmt/blinky
- samples/boards/st/power_mgmt/wkup_pins

I've measured consumption for each low-power mode:
- stop (regulator in run mode) ~217 uA
- stop (regulator in low-power mode) ~206 uA
- standby mode ~3.5 uA

Low-power mode wakeup timings from the datasheet,
but it barely meets these in reality:
- stop (regulator in run mode) 3.6 us
- stop (regulator in low-power mode) 5.4 us
- standby 50 us

It's possible to use RTC as idle timer to exit from stop mode.

Signed-off-by: Oleh Kravchenko <oleg@kaa.org.ua>

Author: Oleh-Kravchenko

dts/arm/st/f1/stm32f1.dtsi

@@ -15,11 +15,13 @@
 #include <zephyr/dt-bindings/adc/stm32f1_adc.h>
 #include <zephyr/dt-bindings/reset/stm32f0_1_3_reset.h>
 #include <zephyr/dt-bindings/adc/adc.h>
+#include <zephyr/dt-bindings/power/stm32_pwr.h>
 #include <freq.h>
 
 / {
 	chosen {
 		zephyr,flash-controller = &flash;
+		zephyr,cortex-m-idle-timer = &rtc;
 	};
 
 	cpus {
@@ -29,8 +31,27 @@
 		cpu0: cpu@0 {
 			device_type = "cpu";
 			compatible = "arm,cortex-m3";
+			cpu-power-states = <&stop0 &stop1>;
 			reg = <0>;
 		};
+
+		power-states {
+			stop0: stop0 {
+				compatible = "zephyr,power-state";
+				power-state-name = "suspend-to-idle";
+				substate-id = <0>;
+				min-residency-us = <1000000>;
+				exit-latency-us = <400>;
+			};
+
+			stop1: stop1 {
+				compatible = "zephyr,power-state";
+				power-state-name = "suspend-to-idle";
+				substate-id = <1>;
+				min-residency-us = <1000000>;
+				exit-latency-us = <600>;
+			};
+		};
 	};
 
 	sram0: memory@20000000 {
@@ -362,6 +383,22 @@
 		};
 	};
 
+	pwr: power@40007000 {
+		compatible = "st,stm32-pwr";
+		reg = <0x40007000 0x400>; /* PWR register bank */
+		status = "disabled";
+
+		wkup-pins-nb = <1>;
+
+		#address-cells = <1>;
+		#size-cells = <0>;
+
+		wkup-pin@1 {
+			reg = <0x1>;
+			wkup-gpios = <&gpioa 0 STM32_PWR_WKUP_PIN_NOT_MUXED>;
+		};
+	};
+
 	die_temp: dietemp {
 		compatible = "st,stm32-temp";
 		io-channels = <&adc1 16>;

samples/boards/st/power_mgmt/wkup_pins/boards/nucleo_f103rb.overlay

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Oleh Kravchenko <oleh@kaa.org.ua>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+/ {
+	aliases {
+		wkup-src = &wkup_button;
+	};
+
+	gpio_keys {
+		wkup_button: wkup {
+			label = "WKUP";
+			gpios = <&gpioa 0 (GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW | GPIO_PULL_UP)>;
+			zephyr,code = <INPUT_KEY_POWER>;
+		};
+	};
+};
+
+&pwr {
+	status = "okay";
+};

samples/boards/st/power_mgmt/wkup_pins/sample.yaml

@@ -11,5 +11,6 @@ tests:
       - nucleo_u575zi_q
       - nucleo_u5a5zj_q
       - nucleo_wl55jc
+      - nucleo_f103rb
     integration_platforms:
       - nucleo_l4r5zi

soc/st/stm32/common/soc_config.c

@@ -69,7 +69,11 @@ static int st_stm32_common_config(void)
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_STM32_ENABLE_DEBUG_SLEEP_STOP)
 
-#if defined(CONFIG_SOC_SERIES_STM32H7X)
+#if defined(SOC_SERIES_STM32F1X)
+	LL_DBGMCU_EnableDBGSleepMode();
+	LL_DBGMCU_EnableDBGStopMode();
+	LL_DBGMCU_EnableDBGStandbyMode();
+#elif defined(CONFIG_SOC_SERIES_STM32H7X)
 	LL_DBGMCU_EnableD1DebugInStopMode();
 	LL_DBGMCU_EnableD1DebugInSleepMode();
 #elif defined(CONFIG_SOC_SERIES_STM32MP1X)
@@ -85,7 +89,11 @@ static int st_stm32_common_config(void)
 #else
 
 /* keeping in mind that debugging draws a lot of power we explcitly disable when not needed */
-#if defined(CONFIG_SOC_SERIES_STM32H7X)
+#if defined(SOC_SERIES_STM32F1X)
+	LL_DBGMCU_DisableDBGSleepMode();
+	LL_DBGMCU_DisableDBGStopMode();
+	LL_DBGMCU_DisableDBGStandbyMode();
+#elif defined(CONFIG_SOC_SERIES_STM32H7X)
 	LL_DBGMCU_DisableD1DebugInStopMode();
 	LL_DBGMCU_DisableD1DebugInSleepMode();
 #elif defined(CONFIG_SOC_SERIES_STM32MP1X)

soc/st/stm32/stm32f1x/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 zephyr_include_directories(${ZEPHYR_BASE}/drivers)
-zephyr_sources(
-  soc.c
-  )
+zephyr_sources(soc.c)
+
+zephyr_sources_ifdef(CONFIG_PM power.c)
+zephyr_sources_ifdef(CONFIG_POWEROFF poweroff.c)
 
 zephyr_include_directories(.)
 

soc/st/stm32/stm32f1x/Kconfig

@@ -8,5 +8,7 @@ config SOC_SERIES_STM32F1X
 	select CPU_CORTEX_M3
 	select CPU_CORTEX_M_HAS_DWT
 	select HAS_STM32CUBE
+	select HAS_PM
+	select HAS_POWEROFF
 	select HAS_SWO
 	select SOC_EARLY_INIT_HOOK

soc/st/stm32/stm32f1x/Kconfig.defconfig

@@ -14,4 +14,11 @@ config TASK_WDT_HW_FALLBACK_DELAY
 	depends on TASK_WDT_HW_FALLBACK
 	default 200
 
+if PM
+
+config COUNTER
+	default y
+
+endif # PM
+
 endif # SOC_SERIES_STM32F1X

soc/st/stm32/stm32f1x/power.c

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Oleh Kravchenko <oleh@kaa.org.ua>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+#include <clock_control/clock_stm32_ll_common.h>
+#include <stm32f1xx_ll_cortex.h>
+#include <stm32f1xx_ll_pwr.h>
+
+#include <zephyr/kernel.h>
+#include <zephyr/logging/log.h>
+#include <zephyr/pm/pm.h>
+
+LOG_MODULE_DECLARE(soc, CONFIG_SOC_LOG_LEVEL);
+
+__weak void pm_state_set(enum pm_state state, uint8_t substate_id)
+{
+	switch (state) {
+	case PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE:
+		LL_LPM_DisableEventOnPend();
+		LL_PWR_ClearFlag_WU();
+
+		if (substate_id == 0) {
+			/* 250 uA */
+			LL_PWR_SetPowerMode(LL_PWR_MODE_STOP_MAINREGU);
+		} else {
+			/* 245 uA */
+			LL_PWR_SetPowerMode(LL_PWR_MODE_STOP_LPREGU);
+		}
+
+		LL_LPM_EnableDeepSleep();
+		k_cpu_idle();
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		LOG_DBG("Unsupported power state %u", state);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+__weak void pm_state_exit_post_ops(enum pm_state state, uint8_t substate_id)
+{
+	ARG_UNUSED(substate_id);
+
+	switch (state) {
+	case PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE:
+		LL_LPM_DisableSleepOnExit();
+		LL_LPM_EnableSleep();
+
+		/* Restore the clock setup. */
+		stm32_clock_control_init(NULL);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		LOG_DBG("Unsupported power substate-id %u", state);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * System is now in active mode. Reenable interrupts which were
+	 * disabled when OS started idling code.
+	 */
+	irq_unlock(0);
+}

soc/st/stm32/stm32f1x/poweroff.c

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Oleh Kravchenko <oleh@kaa.org.ua>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+#include <stm32f1xx_ll_cortex.h>
+#include <stm32f1xx_ll_pwr.h>
+
+#include <zephyr/drivers/misc/stm32_wkup_pins/stm32_wkup_pins.h>
+#include <zephyr/sys/poweroff.h>
+
+void z_sys_poweroff(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_STM32_WKUP_PINS
+	stm32_pwr_wkup_pin_cfg_pupd();
+
+	LL_PWR_ClearFlag_WU();
+#endif /* CONFIG_STM32_WKUP_PINS */
+
+	LL_LPM_DisableEventOnPend();
+	LL_PWR_SetPowerMode(LL_PWR_MODE_STANDBY);
+	LL_LPM_EnableDeepSleep();
+
+	k_cpu_idle();
+
+	CODE_UNREACHABLE;
+}

soc/st/stm32/stm32f1x/soc.c

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <zephyr/init.h>
 
 #include <stm32_ll_system.h>
+#include <stm32f1xx_ll_bus.h>
 
 #include <cmsis_core.h>
 
@@ -31,4 +32,8 @@ void soc_early_init_hook(void)
 	/* Update CMSIS SystemCoreClock variable (HCLK) */
 	/* At reset, system core clock is set to 8 MHz from HSI */
 	SystemCoreClock = 8000000;
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_PM) || defined(CONFIG_POWEROFF)
+	LL_APB1_GRP1_EnableClock(LL_APB1_GRP1_PERIPH_PWR);
+#endif
 }