Auto merge of rust-lang#83948 - ABouttefeux:lint-nullprt-deref, r=RalfJung

add lint deref_nullptr detecting when a null ptr is dereferenced

fixes rust-lang#83856
changelog: add lint that detect code like
```rust
unsafe {
      &*core::ptr::null::<i32>()
 };
unsafe {
     addr_of!(std::ptr::null::<i32>())
};
let x: i32 = unsafe {*core::ptr::null()};
let x: i32 = unsafe {*core::ptr::null_mut()};
unsafe {*(0 as *const i32)};
unsafe {*(core::ptr::null() as *const i32)};
```
```
warning: Dereferencing a null pointer causes undefined behavior
 --> src\main.rs:5:26
  |
5 |     let x: i32 = unsafe {*core::ptr::null()};
  |                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  |                          |
  |                          a null pointer is dereferenced
  |                          this code causes undefined behavior when executed
  |
  = note: `#[warn(deref_nullptr)]` on by default
```

Limitation:
It does not detect code like
```rust
const ZERO: usize = 0;
unsafe {*(ZERO as *const i32)};
```
or code where `0` is not directly a literal

Author: bors

core/src/ptr/mod.rs

@@ -211,6 +211,7 @@ pub unsafe fn drop_in_place<T: ?Sized>(to_drop: *mut T) {
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 #[rustc_promotable]
 #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_ptr_null", since = "1.24.0")]
+#[rustc_diagnostic_item = "ptr_null"]
 pub const fn null<T>() -> *const T {
     0 as *const T
 }
@@ -229,6 +230,7 @@ pub const fn null<T>() -> *const T {
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 #[rustc_promotable]
 #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_ptr_null", since = "1.24.0")]
+#[rustc_diagnostic_item = "ptr_null_mut"]
 pub const fn null_mut<T>() -> *mut T {
     0 as *mut T
 }