diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
index c3e2f2dc1..7a4fbd528 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -63,6 +63,9 @@ jobs:
       with:
         version: 3.1.51
         actions-cache-folder: 'emsdk-cache'
+    - name: Set parallel jobs variable
+      run: |
+            echo "PARALLEL=-j$(nproc)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
     - name: fetch artifact first to reduce HTTP requests
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
@@ -80,12 +83,12 @@ jobs:
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build using emcc
       run: |
-            make CC=emcc -j$(nproc)
+            make CC=emcc $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build for system emulation using emcc
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make CC=emcc ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 -j$(nproc)
+            make CC=emcc ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 $PARALLEL
             make distclean ENABLE_SYSTEM=1
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build with -g
@@ -93,175 +96,175 @@ jobs:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make OPT_LEVEL=-g -j$(nproc)
+            make OPT_LEVEL=-g $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build with -Og
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make OPT_LEVEL=-Og -j$(nproc)
+            make OPT_LEVEL=-Og $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build with -O0
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make OPT_LEVEL=-O0 -j$(nproc)
+            make OPT_LEVEL=-O0 $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build with -O1
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make OPT_LEVEL=-O1 -j$(nproc)
+            make OPT_LEVEL=-O1 $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build with -O2
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make OPT_LEVEL=-O2 -j$(nproc)
+            make OPT_LEVEL=-O2 $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build with -O3
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make OPT_LEVEL=-O3 -j$(nproc)
+            make OPT_LEVEL=-O3 $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build with -Ofast
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make OPT_LEVEL=-Ofast -j$(nproc)
+            make OPT_LEVEL=-Ofast $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build for system emulation with -g
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make OPT_LEVEL=-g ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 -j$(nproc)
+            make OPT_LEVEL=-g ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build for system emulation with -Og
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make OPT_LEVEL=-Og ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 -j$(nproc)
+            make OPT_LEVEL=-Og ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build for system emulation with -O0
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make OPT_LEVEL=-O0 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 -j$(nproc)
+            make OPT_LEVEL=-O0 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build for system emulation with -O1
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make OPT_LEVEL=-O1 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 -j$(nproc)
+            make OPT_LEVEL=-O1 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build for system emulation with -O2
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make OPT_LEVEL=-O2 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 -j$(nproc)
+            make OPT_LEVEL=-O2 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build for system emulation with -O3
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make OPT_LEVEL=-O3 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 -j$(nproc)
+            make OPT_LEVEL=-O3 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: default build for system emulation with -Ofast
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make OPT_LEVEL=-Ofast ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 -j$(nproc)
+            make OPT_LEVEL=-Ofast ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: check + tests
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make distclean
-            make check -j$(nproc)
-            make tests -j$(nproc)
-            make misalign -j$(nproc)
-            make tool -j$(nproc)
+            make check $PARALLEL
+            make tests $PARALLEL
+            make misalign $PARALLEL
+            make tool $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: diverse configurations
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_EXT_M=0 check -j$(nproc)
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_EXT_A=0 check -j$(nproc)
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_EXT_F=0 check -j$(nproc)
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_EXT_C=0 check -j$(nproc)
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_SDL=0 check -j$(nproc)
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_Zicsr=0 check -j$(nproc)
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_MOP_FUSION=0 check -j$(nproc)
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_BLOCK_CHAINING=0 check -j$(nproc)
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_Zba=0 check -j$(nproc)
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_Zbb=0 check -j$(nproc)
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_Zbc=0 check -j$(nproc)
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_Zbs=0 check -j$(nproc)
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_Zifencei=0 check -j$(nproc)
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_EXT_M=0 check $PARALLEL
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_EXT_A=0 check $PARALLEL
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_EXT_F=0 check $PARALLEL
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_EXT_C=0 check $PARALLEL
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_SDL=0 check $PARALLEL
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_Zicsr=0 check $PARALLEL
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_MOP_FUSION=0 check $PARALLEL
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_BLOCK_CHAINING=0 check $PARALLEL
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_Zba=0 check $PARALLEL
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_Zbb=0 check $PARALLEL
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_Zbc=0 check $PARALLEL
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_Zbs=0 check $PARALLEL
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_Zifencei=0 check $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: misalignment test in block emulation
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make -C tests/system/alignment/
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_ELF_LOADER=1 ENABLE_EXT_C=0 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 misalign-in-blk-emu -j$(nproc)
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_ELF_LOADER=1 ENABLE_EXT_C=0 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 misalign-in-blk-emu $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: MMU test
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
             make -C tests/system/mmu/
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_ELF_LOADER=1 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 mmu-test -j$(nproc)
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_ELF_LOADER=1 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 mmu-test $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: gdbstub test
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_GDBSTUB=1 gdbstub-test -j$(nproc)
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_GDBSTUB=1 gdbstub-test $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: JIT test
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
-            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_A=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_F=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_C=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_M=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zba=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zbb=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zbc=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zbs=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zicsr=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zifencei=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_MOP_FUSION=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_BLOCK_CHAINING=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
+            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_A=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_F=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_C=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_M=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zba=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zbb=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zbc=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zbs=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zicsr=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zifencei=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_MOP_FUSION=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_BLOCK_CHAINING=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: undefined behavior test
       run: |
-            make distclean && make ENABLE_UBSAN=1 check -j$(nproc)
-            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_JIT=1 ENABLE_UBSAN=1 check -j$(nproc)
+            make distclean && make ENABLE_UBSAN=1 check $PARALLEL
+            make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_JIT=1 ENABLE_UBSAN=1 check $PARALLEL
       if: ${{ always() }}
     - name: boot Linux kernel test
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
-            make distclean && make INITRD_SIZE=32 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 -j$(nproc) && make ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 artifact -j$(nproc)
+            make distclean && make INITRD_SIZE=32 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 $PARALLEL && make ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 artifact $PARALLEL
             .ci/boot-linux.sh
             make ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 clean
       if: ${{ always() }}
@@ -269,7 +272,7 @@ jobs:
       env:
         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
       run: |
-            make distclean && make INITRD_SIZE=32 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 ENABLE_JIT=1 ENABLE_T2C=0 ENABLE_MOP_FUSION=0 -j$(nproc) && make ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 artifact -j$(nproc)
+            make distclean && make INITRD_SIZE=32 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 ENABLE_JIT=1 ENABLE_T2C=0 ENABLE_MOP_FUSION=0 $PARALLEL && make ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 artifact $PARALLEL
             .ci/boot-linux.sh
             make ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 ENABLE_JIT=1 ENABLE_T2C=0 ENABLE_MOP_FUSION=0 clean
       if: ${{ always() }}
@@ -287,6 +290,9 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - name: checkout code
       uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Set parallel jobs variable
+      run: |
+            echo "PARALLEL=-j$(nproc)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
     - name: build artifact
       # The GitHub Action for non-x86 CPU
       uses: allinurl/run-on-arch-action@master
@@ -307,15 +313,167 @@ jobs:
         # FIXME: gcc build fails on Aarch64/Linux hosts
         env: |
           CC: clang-18
+          PARALLEL: ${{ env.PARALLEL }}
         # Append custom commands here
         run: |
           make artifact
-          make -j$(nproc)
-          make check -j$(nproc)
-          make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-          make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_A=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-          make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_F=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
-          make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_C=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check -j$(nproc)
+          make $PARALLEL
+          make check $PARALLEL
+          make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+          make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_A=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+          make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_F=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+          make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_C=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+
+  macOS-arm64:
+    needs: [detect-code-related-file-changes]
+    if: needs.detect-code-related-file-changes.outputs.has_code_related_changes == 'true'
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        compiler: [gcc-14, clang]
+    runs-on: macos-latest # M1 chip
+    steps:
+     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+     - name: install-dependencies
+       run: |
+             brew install make dtc expect sdl2 sdl2_mixer bc e2fsprogs p7zip llvm@18 dcfldd
+             .ci/riscv-toolchain-install.sh
+             echo "${{ github.workspace }}/toolchain/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+     - name: Install compiler
+       id: install_cc
+       uses: rlalik/setup-cpp-compiler@master
+       with:
+         compiler: ${{ matrix.compiler }}
+     - name: Setup emsdk
+       uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v14
+       with:
+         version: 3.1.51
+         actions-cache-folder: 'emsdk-cache'
+     - name: Set parallel jobs variable
+       run: |
+             echo "PARALLEL=-j$(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+     - name: Symlink gcc-14 due to the default /usr/local/bin/gcc links to system's clang
+       run: |
+             ln -s /opt/homebrew/opt/gcc/bin/gcc-14 /usr/local/bin/gcc-14
+     - name: fetch artifact first to reduce HTTP requests
+       env:
+         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
+       run: |
+             LATEST_RELEASE=$(wget --header="Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}" -q \
+                                   https://api.github.com/repos/sysprog21/rv32emu-prebuilt/releases -O- \
+                                     | grep '"tag_name"' \
+                                     | grep "ELF" \
+                                     | head -n 1 \
+                                     | sed -E 's/.*"tag_name": "([^"]+)".*/\1/')
+             make LATEST_RELEASE=$LATEST_RELEASE artifact
+             LATEST_RELEASE=$(wget --header="Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}" -q \
+                                   https://api.github.com/repos/sysprog21/rv32emu-prebuilt/releases -O- \
+                                     | grep '"tag_name"' \
+                                     | grep "Linux-Image" \
+                                     | head -n 1 \
+                                     | sed -E 's/.*"tag_name": "([^"]+)".*/\1/')
+             make LATEST_RELEASE=$LATEST_RELEASE ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 artifact
+             LATEST_RELEASE=$(wget --header="Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}" -q \
+                                   https://api.github.com/repos/sysprog21/rv32emu-prebuilt/releases -O- \
+                                     | grep '"tag_name"' \
+                                     | grep "sail" \
+                                     | head -n 1 \
+                                     | sed -E 's/.*"tag_name": "([^"]+)".*/\1/')
+             make LATEST_RELEASE=$LATEST_RELEASE ENABLE_ARCH_TEST=1 artifact
+             # Hack Cloudflare 403 Forbidden on GitHub Runner for Doom artifact download
+             wget --header="User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/18.3 Safari/605.1.15" \
+                  --header="Referer: https://www.doomworld.com/" \
+                  --header="Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9" \
+                  -O build/shareware_doom_iwad.zip \
+                  "https://www.doomworld.com/3ddownloads/ports/shareware_doom_iwad.zip"
+             unzip -d build/ build/shareware_doom_iwad.zip
+       if: ${{ always() }}
+     - name: default build using emcc
+       run: |
+             make CC=emcc $PARALLEL
+       if: ${{ always() }}
+     - name: default build for system emulation using emcc
+       run: |
+             make distclean
+             make CC=emcc ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 $PARALLEL
+             make distclean ENABLE_SYSTEM=1
+       if: ${{ always() }}
+     - name: check + tests
+       env:
+         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
+       run: |
+             make distclean
+             make check $PARALLEL
+             make tests $PARALLEL
+             make misalign $PARALLEL
+             make tool $PARALLEL
+       if: ${{ always() }}
+     - name: diverse configurations
+       env:
+         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
+       run: |
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_EXT_M=0 check $PARALLEL
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_EXT_A=0 check $PARALLEL
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_EXT_F=0 check $PARALLEL
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_EXT_C=0 check $PARALLEL
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_SDL=0 check $PARALLEL
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_Zicsr=0 check $PARALLEL
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_MOP_FUSION=0 check $PARALLEL
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_BLOCK_CHAINING=0 check $PARALLEL
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_Zba=0 check $PARALLEL
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_Zbb=0 check $PARALLEL
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_Zbc=0 check $PARALLEL
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_Zbs=0 check $PARALLEL
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_Zifencei=0 check $PARALLEL
+       if: ${{ always() }}
+     - name: gdbstub test, need RV32 toolchain
+       env:
+         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
+       run: |
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_GDBSTUB=1 gdbstub-test $PARALLEL
+       if: ${{ always() }}
+     - name: JIT test
+       env:
+         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
+       run: |
+             make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+             make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_A=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+             make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_F=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+             make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_C=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+             make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_EXT_M=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+             make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zba=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+             make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zbb=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+             make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zbc=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+             make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zbs=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+             make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zicsr=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+             make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_Zifencei=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+             make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_MOP_FUSION=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+             make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_BLOCK_CHAINING=0 ENABLE_JIT=1 check $PARALLEL
+       if: ${{ always() }}
+     - name: undefined behavior test
+       env:
+         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
+       if: ${{ env.CC == 'clang' && always() }} # gcc on macOS/arm64 does not support satinizers
+       run: |
+             make distclean && make ENABLE_UBSAN=1 check $PARALLEL
+             make ENABLE_JIT=1 clean && make ENABLE_JIT=1 ENABLE_UBSAN=1 check $PARALLEL
+     - name: boot Linux kernel test
+       env:
+         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
+       run: |
+             make distclean && make INITRD_SIZE=32 ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 $PARALLEL && \
+             make ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 artifact $PARALLEL
+             .ci/boot-linux.sh
+             make ENABLE_SYSTEM=1 clean
+       if: ${{ always() }}
+     - name: Architecture test
+       env:
+         CC: ${{ steps.install_cc.outputs.cc }}
+       run: |
+             python3 -m venv venv
+             . venv/bin/activate
+             .ci/riscv-tests.sh
+       if: ${{ always() }}
 
   coding-style:
     needs: [detect-code-related-file-changes]
diff --git a/mk/artifact.mk b/mk/artifact.mk
index 0af8ea83b..db4936e19 100644
--- a/mk/artifact.mk
+++ b/mk/artifact.mk
@@ -43,25 +43,30 @@ define fetch-releases-tag
     $(if $(wildcard $(BIN_DIR)/$(2)), \
         $(info $(call warnx, $(3) is found. Skipping downloading.)), \
         $(eval LATEST_RELEASE := $(shell wget -q https://api.github.com/repos/sysprog21/rv32emu-prebuilt/releases -O- \
-                                    | grep '"tag_name"' \
-                                    | grep "$(1)" \
-                                    | head -n 1 \
-                                    | sed -E 's/.*"tag_name": "([^"]+)".*/\1/')) \
+                                         | grep '"tag_name"' \
+                                         | grep "$(1)" \
+                                         | head -n 1 \
+                                         | sed -E 's/.*"tag_name": "([^"]+)".*/\1/')) \
         $(if $(LATEST_RELEASE),, \
             $(error Fetching tag of latest releases failed) \
         ) \
     )
 endef
 
+LATEST_RELEASE ?=
+
 ifeq ($(call has, PREBUILT), 1)
-    ifeq ($(call has, SYSTEM), 1)
-        $(call fetch-releases-tag,Linux-Image,rv32emu-linux-image-prebuilt.tar.gz,Linux image)
-    else ifeq ($(call has, ARCH_TEST), 1)
-        $(call fetch-releases-tag,sail,rv32emu-prebuilt-sail-$(HOST_PLATFORM),Sail model)
-    else
-        $(call fetch-releases-tag,ELF,rv32emu-prebuilt.tar.gz,Prebuilt blob)
+    # On macOS/arm64 Github runner, let's leverage the ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} to prevent 403 rate limit error.
+    # Thus, the LATEST_RELEASE tag is defined at Github job steps, no need to fetch them here.
+    ifeq ($(LATEST_RELEASE),)
+         ifeq ($(call has, SYSTEM), 1)
+             $(call fetch-releases-tag,Linux-Image,rv32emu-linux-image-prebuilt.tar.gz,Linux image)
+         else ifeq ($(call has, ARCH_TEST), 1)
+             $(call fetch-releases-tag,sail,rv32emu-prebuilt-sail-$(HOST_PLATFORM),Sail model)
+         else
+             $(call fetch-releases-tag,ELF,rv32emu-prebuilt.tar.gz,Prebuilt benchmark)
+         endif
     endif
-
     PREBUILT_BLOB_URL = https://github.com/sysprog21/rv32emu-prebuilt/releases/download/$(LATEST_RELEASE)
 else
   # Since rv32emu only supports the dynamic binary translation of integer instruction in tiered compilation currently,
diff --git a/mk/softfloat.mk b/mk/softfloat.mk
index 77b38b1af..acc9a9e2f 100644
--- a/mk/softfloat.mk
+++ b/mk/softfloat.mk
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ CFLAGS_softfloat := \
     -Wno-unused-variable \
     -Wno-sign-compare \
     -Wno-implicit-fallthrough \
+    -Wno-uninitialized \
     -I$(SOFTFLOAT_DIR)/RISCV \
     -I$(SOFTFLOAT_DIR)/include
 
diff --git a/mk/tools.mk b/mk/tools.mk
index aefe0bba6..0d6a2157f 100644
--- a/mk/tools.mk
+++ b/mk/tools.mk
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 HIST_BIN := $(OUT)/rv_histogram
 
-# FIXME: riscv.o and map.o are dependencies of 'elf.o', not 'rv_histogram'.
+# On macOS, gcc-14 requires linking symbols from emulate.o, syscall.o, syscall_sdl.o, io.o, and log.o.
+# However, these symbols are not actually used in rv_histogram, they are only needed to pass the build.
+#
+# riscv.o and map.o are dependencies of 'elf.o', not 'rv_histogram'. But, they are also needed to pass
+# the build.
 HIST_OBJS := \
 	riscv.o \
 	utils.o \
@@ -9,6 +13,11 @@ HIST_OBJS := \
 	decode.o \
 	mpool.o \
 	utils.o \
+	emulate.o \
+	syscall.o \
+	syscall_sdl.o \
+	io.o \
+	log.o \
 	rv_histogram.o
 
 HIST_OBJS := $(addprefix $(OUT)/, $(HIST_OBJS))
diff --git a/src/jit.c b/src/jit.c
index 61b7821aa..42ecf59a3 100644
--- a/src/jit.c
+++ b/src/jit.c
@@ -570,6 +570,7 @@ static void emit_dataproc_2source(struct jit_state *state,
 }
 
 
+#if RV32_HAS(EXT_M)
 /* [ARM-A]: C4.1.67: Data-processing (3 source).  */
 static void emit_dataproc_3source(struct jit_state *state,
                                   bool is64,
@@ -582,6 +583,7 @@ static void emit_dataproc_3source(struct jit_state *state,
     emit_a64(state, sz(is64) | op | (rm << 16) | (ra << 10) | (rn << 5) | rd);
     set_dirty(rd, true);
 }
+#endif
 
 static void update_branch_imm(struct jit_state *state,
                               uint32_t offset,
diff --git a/src/riscv.c b/src/riscv.c
index 1ddaf235c..4616f47cd 100644
--- a/src/riscv.c
+++ b/src/riscv.c
@@ -357,6 +357,7 @@ static void capture_keyboard_input()
 
 #endif
 
+#if RV32_HAS(SYSTEM) && !RV32_HAS(ELF_LOADER)
 /*
  *
  * atexit() registers void (*)(void) callbacks, so no parameters can be passed.
@@ -375,6 +376,7 @@ static void rv_async_block_clear()
     return;
 #endif /* !RV32_HAS(JIT) */
 }
+#endif
 
 riscv_t *rv_create(riscv_user_t rv_attr)
 {
@@ -383,8 +385,10 @@ riscv_t *rv_create(riscv_user_t rv_attr)
     riscv_t *rv = calloc(1, sizeof(riscv_t));
     assert(rv);
 
+#if RV32_HAS(SYSTEM) && !RV32_HAS(ELF_LOADER)
     /* register cleaning callback for CTRL+a+x exit */
     atexit(rv_async_block_clear);
+#endif
 
     /* copy over the attr */
     rv->data = rv_attr;