diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 83d8de0d018..4f98af24761 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -342,7 +342,6 @@ disable_error_code = [
     "annotation-unchecked",
 ]
 disallow_incomplete_defs = false
-disallow_untyped_calls = false
 disallow_untyped_defs = false
 
 [[tool.mypy.overrides]]
diff --git a/tests/test_builders/test_build_latex.py b/tests/test_builders/test_build_latex.py
index 16f3437c154..ddcc52fdbad 100644
--- a/tests/test_builders/test_build_latex.py
+++ b/tests/test_builders/test_build_latex.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 
 
 # only run latex if all needed packages are there
-def kpsetest(*filenames):
+def kpsetest(*filenames: str) -> bool:
     try:
         subprocess.run(['kpsewhich', *list(filenames)], capture_output=True, check=True)  # NoQA: S607
         return True
@@ -55,7 +55,11 @@ def kpsetest(*filenames):
 
 
 # compile latex document with app.config.latex_engine
-def compile_latex_document(app, filename='projectnamenotset.tex', docclass='manual'):
+def compile_latex_document(
+    app: SphinxTestApp,
+    filename: str = 'projectnamenotset.tex',
+    docclass: str = 'manual',
+) -> None:
     # now, try to run latex over it
     try:
         with chdir(app.outdir):
@@ -1570,7 +1574,7 @@ def test_latex_table_tabulars(app: SphinxTestApp) -> None:
         content = re.sub(r'\\sphinxstepscope', '', content)  # filter a separator
         tables[sectname] = content.strip()
 
-    def get_expected(name):
+    def get_expected(name: str) -> str:
         return (
             (app.srcdir / 'expects' / (name + '.tex'))
             .read_text(encoding='utf8')
@@ -1648,7 +1652,7 @@ def test_latex_table_longtable(app: SphinxTestApp) -> None:
         content = re.sub(r'\\sphinxstepscope', '', content)  # filter a separator
         tables[sectname] = content.strip()
 
-    def get_expected(name):
+    def get_expected(name: str) -> str:
         return (
             (app.srcdir / 'expects' / (name + '.tex'))
             .read_text(encoding='utf8')
@@ -1715,7 +1719,7 @@ def test_latex_table_complex_tables(app: SphinxTestApp) -> None:
         sectname, _, content = chap.partition('}')
         tables[sectname] = content.strip()
 
-    def get_expected(name):
+    def get_expected(name: str) -> str:
         return (
             (app.srcdir / 'expects' / (name + '.tex'))
             .read_text(encoding='utf8')
diff --git a/tests/test_domains/test_domain_c.py b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_c.py
index 23ee25ffa83..325d6eb05a2 100644
--- a/tests/test_domains/test_domain_c.py
+++ b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_c.py
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 from sphinx.writers.text import STDINDENT
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Generator
     from io import StringIO
 
 
@@ -41,15 +42,15 @@ class Config:
     c_extra_keywords = _macro_keywords
 
 
-def parse(name, string):
-    parser = DefinitionParser(string, location=None, config=Config())
+def parse(name: str, string: str):
+    parser = DefinitionParser(string, location=None, config=Config())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
     parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
     ast = parser.parse_declaration(name, name)
     parser.assert_end()
     return ast
 
 
-def _check(name, input, id_dict, output, key, as_text_output):
+def _check(name: str, input: str, id_dict, output, key, as_text_output):
     if key is None:
         key = name
     key += ' '
@@ -102,14 +103,13 @@ def _check(name, input, id_dict, output, key, as_text_output):
         # except NoOldIdError:
         #     id_actual.append(None)
 
-    res = [True]
-    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
-        res.append(id_expected[i] == id_actual[i])
+    res_bools = [True]
+    res_bools.extend(id_expected[i] == id_actual[i] for i in range(1, _max_id + 1))
 
-    if not all(res):
+    if not all(res_bools):
         print('input:    %s' % input.rjust(20))
         for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
-            if res[i]:
+            if res_bools[i]:
                 continue
             print('Error in id version %d.' % i)
             print('result:   %s' % id_actual[i])
@@ -118,7 +118,9 @@ def _check(name, input, id_dict, output, key, as_text_output):
         raise DefinitionError
 
 
-def check(name, input, id_dict, output=None, key=None, as_text_output=None):
+def check(
+    name: str, input, id_dict, output=None, key=None, as_text_output=None
+) -> None:
     if output is None:
         output = input
     # First, check without semicolon
@@ -136,8 +138,8 @@ def check(name, input, id_dict, output=None, key=None, as_text_output=None):
 
 
 def test_domain_c_ast_expressions() -> None:
-    def expr_check(expr, output=None):
-        parser = DefinitionParser(expr, location=None, config=Config())
+    def expr_check(expr: str, output: str | None = None) -> None:
+        parser = DefinitionParser(expr, location=None, config=Config())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
         parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
         ast = parser.parse_expression()
         parser.assert_end()
@@ -337,8 +339,8 @@ def expr_check(expr, output=None):
 
 
 def test_domain_c_ast_fundamental_types() -> None:
-    def types():
-        def signed(t):
+    def types() -> Generator[str]:
+        def signed(t: str) -> Generator[str]:
             yield t
             yield 'signed  ' + t
             yield 'unsigned  ' + t
diff --git a/tests/test_domains/test_domain_cpp.py b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_cpp.py
index 88505a4aa91..9f169860db1 100644
--- a/tests/test_domains/test_domain_cpp.py
+++ b/tests/test_domains/test_domain_cpp.py
@@ -35,23 +35,25 @@
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from io import StringIO
 
+    from sphinx.domains.cpp._ast import ASTDeclaration
 
-def parse(name, string):
+
+def parse(name: str, string: str) -> ASTDeclaration:
     class Config:
         cpp_id_attributes = ['id_attr']
         cpp_paren_attributes = ['paren_attr']
 
-    parser = DefinitionParser(string, location=None, config=Config())
+    parser = DefinitionParser(string, location=None, config=Config())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
     parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
     ast = parser.parse_declaration(name, name)
     parser.assert_end()
     # The scopedness would usually have been set by CPPEnumObject
     if name == 'enum':
-        ast.scoped = None  # simulate unscoped enum
+        ast.scoped = None  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # simulate unscoped enum
     return ast
 
 
-def _check(name, input, id_dict, output, key, as_text_output):
+def _check(name, input: str, id_dict: dict[int, str], output, key, as_text_output):
     if key is None:
         key = name
     key += ' '
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ def _check(name, input, id_dict, output, key, as_text_output):
     parent_node = addnodes.desc()
     signode = addnodes.desc_signature(input, '')
     parent_node += signode
-    ast.describe_signature(signode, 'lastIsName', symbol, options={})
+    ast.describe_signature(signode, 'lastIsName', symbol, options={})  # type: ignore[arg-type]
     res_as_text = parent_node.astext()
     if res_as_text != output_as_text:
         print()
@@ -90,13 +92,13 @@ def _check(name, input, id_dict, output, key, as_text_output):
         print('Node:', parent_node)
         raise DefinitionError
 
-    id_expected = [None]
+    id_expected: list[str | None] = [None]
     for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
         if i in id_dict:
             id_expected.append(id_dict[i])
         else:
             id_expected.append(id_expected[i - 1])
-    id_actual = [None]
+    id_actual: list[str | None] = [None]
     for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
         try:
             id = ast.get_id(version=i)
@@ -105,14 +107,13 @@ def _check(name, input, id_dict, output, key, as_text_output):
         except NoOldIdError:
             id_actual.append(None)
 
-    res = [True]
-    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
-        res.append(id_expected[i] == id_actual[i])
+    res_bools = [True]
+    res_bools.extend(id_expected[i] == id_actual[i] for i in range(1, _max_id + 1))
 
-    if not all(res):
+    if not all(res_bools):
         print('input:    %s' % input.rjust(20))
         for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
-            if res[i]:
+            if res_bools[i]:
                 continue
             print('Error in id version %d.' % i)
             print('result:   %s' % id_actual[i])
@@ -121,7 +122,14 @@ def _check(name, input, id_dict, output, key, as_text_output):
         raise DefinitionError
 
 
-def check(name, input, id_dict, output=None, key=None, as_text_output=None):
+def check(
+    name: str,
+    input: str,
+    id_dict: dict[int, str],
+    output=None,
+    key=None,
+    as_text_output=None,
+) -> None:
     if output is None:
         output = input
     # First, check without semicolon
@@ -177,7 +185,7 @@ def make_id_v2():
 
 
 def test_domain_cpp_ast_expressions() -> None:
-    def expr_check(expr, id, id4=None):
+    def expr_check(expr: str, id: str, id4: str | None = None):
         ids = 'IE1CIA%s_1aE'
         # call .format() on the expr to unescape double curly braces
         id_dict = {2: ids % expr.format(), 3: ids % id}
@@ -189,7 +197,7 @@ class Config:
             cpp_id_attributes = ['id_attr']
             cpp_paren_attributes = ['paren_attr']
 
-        parser = DefinitionParser(expr, location=None, config=Config())
+        parser = DefinitionParser(expr, location=None, config=Config())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
         parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
         ast = parser.parse_expression()
         res = str(ast)
@@ -1472,12 +1480,12 @@ def test_domain_cpp_ast_attributes() -> None:
     check('enumerator', '{key}Foo [[attr1]] [[attr2]] = 42', {2: '3Foo'})
 
 
-def check_ast_xref_parsing(target):
+def check_ast_xref_parsing(target: str) -> None:
     class Config:
         cpp_id_attributes = ['id_attr']
         cpp_paren_attributes = ['paren_attr']
 
-    parser = DefinitionParser(target, location='', config=Config())
+    parser = DefinitionParser(target, location='', config=Config())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
     parser.parse_xref_object()
     parser.assert_end()
 
@@ -1518,6 +1526,8 @@ def test_domain_cpp_ast_xref_parsing() -> None:
 def test_domain_cpp_template_parameters_is_pack(param: str, is_pack: bool):
     def parse_template_parameter(param: str):
         ast = parse('type', 'template<' + param + '> X')
+        assert ast.templatePrefix is not None
+        assert ast.templatePrefix.templates is not None
         return ast.templatePrefix.templates[0].params[0]
 
     ast = parse_template_parameter(param)
diff --git a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_intersphinx.py b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_intersphinx.py
index 240d7e12ecb..a238cfed00c 100644
--- a/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_intersphinx.py
+++ b/tests/test_extensions/test_ext_intersphinx.py
@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ def __iter__(self) -> NoReturn:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
 
-def fake_node(domain, type, target, content, **attrs):
+def fake_node(
+    domain: str, type: str, target: str, content: str, **attrs
+) -> tuple[addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.emphasis]:
     contnode = nodes.emphasis(content, content)
     node = addnodes.pending_xref('')
     node['reftarget'] = target
@@ -62,12 +64,14 @@ def fake_node(domain, type, target, content, **attrs):
     return node, contnode
 
 
-def reference_check(app, *args, **kwds):
+def reference_check(app: SphinxTestApp, *args, **kwds):
     node, contnode = fake_node(*args, **kwds)
     return missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
 
 
-def set_config(app, mapping):
+def set_config(
+    app: SphinxTestApp, mapping: dict[str, tuple[str, str | list[str]]]
+) -> None:
     # copy *mapping* so that normalization does not alter it
     app.config.intersphinx_mapping = mapping.copy()
     app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
@@ -544,7 +548,7 @@ def test_validate_intersphinx_mapping_warnings(app: SphinxTestApp) -> None:
         'good-target-1':    ('e.example', None),       # valid inventory location (None)
         'good-target-2':    ('f.example', ('x',)),     # valid inventory location (sequence input)
     }  # fmt: skip
-    set_config(app, bad_intersphinx_mapping)
+    set_config(app, bad_intersphinx_mapping)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
     # normalise the inventory and check if it's done correctly
     with pytest.raises(
diff --git a/tests/test_util/test_util_inspect.py b/tests/test_util/test_util_inspect.py
index 2ff37091fd2..dce70f3504f 100644
--- a/tests/test_util/test_util_inspect.py
+++ b/tests/test_util/test_util_inspect.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import functools
 import types
 from inspect import Parameter
-from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Union  # NoQA: UP035
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, List, Optional, Union  # NoQA: UP035
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
 )
 from sphinx.util.typing import stringify_annotation
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Any
+
 
 class Base:
     def meth(self):
@@ -98,7 +101,7 @@ def __call__(self):
         pass
 
 
-def _decorator(f):
+def _decorator(f: Callable[[], Any]) -> Callable[[], Any]:
     @functools.wraps(f)
     def wrapper():
         return f()
@@ -658,10 +661,10 @@ def test_recursive_collection_description():
 
 def test_dict_customtype() -> None:
     class CustomType:
-        def __init__(self, value):
+        def __init__(self, value: int) -> None:
             self._value = value
 
-        def __repr__(self):
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
             return '<CustomType(%r)>' % self._value
 
     dictionary = {CustomType(2): 2, CustomType(1): 1}
@@ -985,8 +988,8 @@ def my_method(self):
     assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(MyInt, 'does_not_exist')
     assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(4, 'still does not crash')
 
-    class ObjectWithMroAttr:
-        def __init__(self, mro_attr):
+    class ObjectWithMroAttr:  # noqa: B903
+        def __init__(self, mro_attr: list[int]) -> None:
             self.__mro__ = mro_attr
 
     assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(