Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/smv1999/CompetitiveProgrammingQuestionBank into Devincept14

Author: Karnika06

OOPs/Abstraction/Abstraction_cpp.cpp

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+// C++ program to demonstrate Abstraction
+
+// Abstraction - An abstraction is a way of providing only essential details to the outside world and hiding
+// the implemetation details which are unnecessary.
+
+#include<bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+
+// class 1 (binds data and functions for calculating area of a triangle)
+class Triangle{
+    private:
+        // User doesn't needs to know how area is being calculated 
+        int base,height;
+        int AreaOfT;
+        void AreaOfTriangle(){
+            AreaOfT=(base*height)/2;
+        }
+    public:
+        // User only needs to give input and get the result
+        Triangle(int ibase,int iheight){
+            base=ibase;
+            height=iheight;
+            AreaOfTriangle();
+        }
+        void displayT(){
+           cout<<"Area of triangle with base "<<base<<" and height "<<height<<" is "<<AreaOfT<<endl;
+        } 
+};
+
+// class 2 (binds data and functions for calculating area of a rectangle)
+class Rectangle{
+    private:
+        // User doesn't needs to know how area is being calculated 
+        int length,breadth;
+        int AreaOfR;
+        void AreaOfRectangle(){
+            AreaOfR=length*breadth;
+        }
+    public:
+        // User only needs to give input and get the result
+        Rectangle(int ilength,int ibreadth){
+            length=ilength;
+            breadth=ibreadth;
+            AreaOfRectangle();
+        }
+        void displayR(){
+            cout<<"Area of rectangle with length "<<length<<" and breadth "<<breadth<<" is "<<AreaOfR<<endl;
+        }
+};
+
+int main(){
+    // Create an object of class Triangle
+    Triangle t1(10,20);
+    t1.displayT();
+    
+    // Create an object of class Rectangle
+    Rectangle r1(10,20);
+    r1.displayR();
+    
+    return 0;
+}

OOPs/Encapsulation/Encapsulation_cpp.cpp

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+// C++ program to demonstrate Encapsulation
+
+// Encapsulation - Encapsulation is an object oriented programming concept that binds together the data and
+// functions that manipulate the data.
+
+#include<bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+
+// class 1 (binds data and functions for calculating area of a triangle)
+class Triangle{
+    public:
+        int base,height;
+        void AreaOfTriangle(){
+            int AreaOfT=(base*height)/2;
+            cout<<"Area of triangle with base "<<base<<" and height "<<height<<" is "<<AreaOfT<<endl;
+        }
+};
+
+// class 2 (binds data and functions for calculating area of a rectangle)
+class Rectangle{
+    public:
+        int length,breadth;
+        void AreaOfRectangle(){
+            int AreaOfR=length*breadth;
+            cout<<"Area of rectangle with length "<<length<<" and breadth "<<breadth<<" is "<<AreaOfR<<endl;
+        }
+};
+
+int main(){
+    // Create an object of class Triangle
+    Triangle t1;
+    t1.base=10;
+    t1.height=20;
+    t1.AreaOfTriangle();
+    
+    // Create an object of class Rectangle
+    Rectangle r1;
+    r1.length=10;
+    r1.breadth=20;
+    r1.AreaOfRectangle();
+    
+    return 0;
+}