Added findMinimumInRotatedSortedArray.cpp

Author: Anupam-Panwar

Arrays/findMinimumInRotatedSortedArray.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+
+Suppose an array of length n sorted in ascending order is rotated between 1 and n times. 
+For example, the array nums = [0,1,2,4,5,6,7] might become:
+
+[4,5,6,7,0,1,2] if it was rotated 4 times.
+[0,1,2,4,5,6,7] if it was rotated 7 times.
+Notice that rotating an array [a[0], a[1], a[2], ..., a[n-1]] 1 time results in the array [a[n-1], a[0], a[1], a[2], ..., a[n-2]].
+
+Given the sorted rotated array nums of unique elements, return the minimum element of this array.
+
+You must write an algorithm that runs in O(log n) time.
+
+Input: nums = [3,4,5,1,2]
+Output: 1
+Explanation: The original array was [1,2,3,4,5] rotated 3 times.
+
+Constraints:
+ n == nums.length
+ 1 <= n <= 5000
+ -5000 <= nums[i] <= 5000
+ All the integers of nums are unique.
+ nums is sorted and rotated between 1 and n times.
+
+*/
+
+/*
+Time Complexity: O(log(N)), where N is the size of the array
+Space Complexity: O(1), Constant Space
+*/
+
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+
+int findMin(vector<int> &nums)
+{
+
+    int l = 0; // lower bound
+    int u = nums.size() - 1; // upper bound
+    int m = (l + u) / 2; // variable to track middle value
+    int n = nums.size();
+    while (l <= u)
+    {
+        int next = (m + 1) % n; // to track next index of middle value
+        int prev = (m - 1 + n) % n; // to track previoys index of middle value
+        if (nums[l] <= nums[u]) // if array is sorted => return value present at lower bound
+            return nums[l];
+        else if (nums[m] < nums[prev] && nums[m] < nums[next]) // if value at middle is less than value at next, previous => return value present at middle
+            return nums[m];
+        else if (nums[m] > nums[l]) // if value at middle > value at lower bound => update lower bound
+            l = next;
+        else if (nums[m] < nums[u]) // if value at middle < value at upper bound => update upper bound
+            u = prev;
+        else if (nums[u] <= nums[l]) // if value at upper <= value at lower bound => Whole array is reversed i.e. return value at upper bound
+            return nums[u];
+
+        m = (l + u) / 2;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+int main() // driver function
+{
+    vector<int> array = {3, 4, 5, 1, 2};
+    int ans = findMin(array);
+    cout << ans;
+    return 0;
+}