Auto merge of #72187 - RalfJung:rollup-a7a9jdi, r=RalfJung

Rollup of 12 pull requests

Successful merges:

 - #71525 (`prefix` should not be mutable.)
 - #71741 (Pointer printing: do not print 0 offset)
 - #71870 (Be slightly more precise about any::type_name()'s guarantees.)
 - #71909 (Document From trait for Option implementations)
 - #71964 (Fix bootstrap failing on win32)
 - #72137 (Clean up E0581 explanation)
 - #72138 (Add doc comment for `rustc_middle::mir::mono::Linkage`)
 - #72150 (Remove UnnormalizedProjection)
 - #72151 (Update books)
 - #72163 (docs: remove comment referencing non-existent method)
 - #72169 (Clean up E0582 explanation)
 - #72183 (Fix Arc::decr_strong_count doc test)

Failed merges:

r? @ghost

Author: bors

src/bootstrap/bootstrap.py

@@ -180,13 +180,16 @@ def format_build_time(duration):
 def default_build_triple():
     """Build triple as in LLVM"""
     default_encoding = sys.getdefaultencoding()
-    required = not sys.platform == 'win32'
-    ostype = require(["uname", "-s"], exit=required).decode(default_encoding)
-    cputype = require(['uname', '-m'], exit=required).decode(default_encoding)
+    required = sys.platform != 'win32'
+    ostype = require(["uname", "-s"], exit=required)
+    cputype = require(['uname', '-m'], exit=required)
 
     if ostype is None or cputype is None:
         return 'x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'
 
+    ostype = ostype.decode(default_encoding)
+    cputype = cputype.decode(default_encoding)
+
     # The goal here is to come up with the same triple as LLVM would,
     # at least for the subset of platforms we're willing to target.
     ostype_mapper = {

src/doc/book

@@ -835,12 +835,14 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> Arc<T> {
     ///
     /// unsafe {
     ///     let ptr = Arc::into_raw(five);
-    ///     Arc::decr_strong_count(ptr);
+    ///     Arc::incr_strong_count(ptr);
     ///
-    ///     // This assertion is deterministic because we haven't shared
+    ///     // Those assertions are deterministic because we haven't shared
     ///     // the `Arc` between threads.
     ///     let five = Arc::from_raw(ptr);
-    ///     assert_eq!(0, Arc::strong_count(&five));
+    ///     assert_eq!(2, Arc::strong_count(&five));
+    ///     Arc::decr_strong_count(ptr);
+    ///     assert_eq!(1, Arc::strong_count(&five));
     /// }
     /// ```
     #[inline]

src/doc/edition-guide

@@ -446,14 +446,16 @@ impl TypeId {
 /// # Note
 ///
 /// This is intended for diagnostic use. The exact contents and format of the
-/// string are not specified, other than being a best-effort description of the
-/// type. For example, `type_name::<Option<String>>()` could return the
-/// `"Option<String>"` or `"std::option::Option<std::string::String>"`, but not
-/// `"foobar"`. In addition, the output may change between versions of the
-/// compiler.
+/// string returned are not specified, other than being a best-effort
+/// description of the type. For example, amongst the strings
+/// that `type_name::<Option<String>>()` might return are `"Option<String>"` and
+/// `"std::option::Option<std::string::String>"`.
 ///
-/// The type name should not be considered a unique identifier of a type;
-/// multiple types may share the same type name.
+/// The returned string must not be considered to be a unique identifier of a
+/// type as multiple types may map to the same type name. Similarly, there is no
+/// guarantee that all parts of a type will appear in the returned string: for
+/// example, lifetime specifiers are currently not included. In addition, the
+/// output may change between versions of the compiler.
 ///
 /// The current implementation uses the same infrastructure as compiler
 /// diagnostics and debuginfo, but this is not guaranteed.

src/doc/embedded-book

@@ -1357,20 +1357,65 @@ impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a mut Option<T> {
 
 #[stable(since = "1.12.0", feature = "option_from")]
 impl<T> From<T> for Option<T> {
+    /// Copies `val` into a new `Some`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let o: Option<u8> = Option::from(67);
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(Some(67), o);
+    /// ```
     fn from(val: T) -> Option<T> {
         Some(val)
     }
 }
 
 #[stable(feature = "option_ref_from_ref_option", since = "1.30.0")]
 impl<'a, T> From<&'a Option<T>> for Option<&'a T> {
+    /// Converts from `&Option<T>` to `Option<&T>`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// Converts an `Option<`[`String`]`>` into an `Option<`[`usize`]`>`, preserving the original.
+    /// The [`map`] method takes the `self` argument by value, consuming the original,
+    /// so this technique uses `as_ref` to first take an `Option` to a reference
+    /// to the value inside the original.
+    ///
+    /// [`map`]: ../../std/option/enum.Option.html#method.map
+    /// [`String`]: ../../std/string/struct.String.html
+    /// [`usize`]: ../../std/primitive.usize.html
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let s: Option<String> = Some(String::from("Hello, Rustaceans!"));
+    /// let o: Option<usize> = Option::from(&s).map(|ss: &String| ss.len());
+    ///
+    /// println!("Can still print s: {:?}", s);
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(o, Some(18));
+    /// ```
     fn from(o: &'a Option<T>) -> Option<&'a T> {
         o.as_ref()
     }
 }
 
 #[stable(feature = "option_ref_from_ref_option", since = "1.30.0")]
 impl<'a, T> From<&'a mut Option<T>> for Option<&'a mut T> {
+    /// Converts from `&mut Option<T>` to `Option<&mut T>`
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// let mut s = Some(String::from("Hello"));
+    /// let o: Option<&mut String> = Option::from(&mut s);
+    ///
+    /// match o {
+    ///     Some(t) => *t = String::from("Hello, Rustaceans!"),
+    ///     None => (),
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(s, Some(String::from("Hello, Rustaceans!")));
+    /// ```
     fn from(o: &'a mut Option<T>) -> Option<&'a mut T> {
         o.as_mut()
     }