Rollup merge of #133598 - ChayimFriedman2:get-many-mut-detailed-err, r=scottmcm

Change `GetManyMutError` to match T-libs-api decision

That is, differentiate between out-of-bounds and overlapping indices, and remove the generic parameter `N`.

I also exported `GetManyMutError` from `alloc` (and `std`), which was apparently forgotten.

Changing the error to carry additional details means LLVM no longer generates separate short-circuiting branches for the checks, instead it generates one branch at the end. I therefore changed the  code to use early returns to make LLVM generate jumps. Benchmark results between the approaches are somewhat mixed, but I chose this approach because it is significantly faster with ranges and also faster with `unwrap()`.

Benchmark (`jumps` refer to short-circuiting, `acc` is not short-circuiting):
```rust
use criterion::{black_box, criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
use my_crate::{get_many_check_valid_acc, get_many_check_valid_jumps, GetManyMutError};

mod externs {
    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
    fn foo() {}
    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
    fn bar() {}
    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
    fn baz() {}
}

unsafe extern "C" {
    safe fn foo();
    safe fn bar();
    safe fn baz();
}

fn bench_method(c: &mut Criterion) {
    c.bench_function("jumps two usize", |b| {
        b.iter(|| get_many_check_valid_jumps(&[black_box(1), black_box(5)], black_box(10)))
    });
    c.bench_function("jumps two usize unwrap", |b| {
        b.iter(|| get_many_check_valid_jumps(&[black_box(1), black_box(5)], black_box(10)).unwrap())
    });
    c.bench_function("jumps two usize ok", |b| {
        b.iter(|| get_many_check_valid_jumps(&[black_box(1), black_box(5)], black_box(10)).ok())
    });
    c.bench_function("jumps three usize", |b| {
        b.iter(|| {
            get_many_check_valid_jumps(&[black_box(1), black_box(5), black_box(7)], black_box(10))
        })
    });
    c.bench_function("jumps three usize match", |b| {
        b.iter(|| {
            match get_many_check_valid_jumps(
                &[black_box(1), black_box(5), black_box(7)],
                black_box(10),
            ) {
                Err(GetManyMutError::IndexOutOfBounds) => foo(),
                Err(GetManyMutError::OverlappingIndices) => bar(),
                Ok(()) => baz(),
            }
        })
    });
    c.bench_function("jumps two Range", |b| {
        b.iter(|| {
            get_many_check_valid_jumps(
                &[black_box(1)..black_box(5), black_box(7)..black_box(8)],
                black_box(10),
            )
        })
    });
    c.bench_function("jumps two RangeInclusive", |b| {
        b.iter(|| {
            get_many_check_valid_jumps(
                &[black_box(1)..=black_box(5), black_box(7)..=black_box(8)],
                black_box(10),
            )
        })
    });

    c.bench_function("acc two usize", |b| {
        b.iter(|| get_many_check_valid_acc(&[black_box(1), black_box(5)], black_box(10)))
    });
    c.bench_function("acc two usize unwrap", |b| {
        b.iter(|| get_many_check_valid_acc(&[black_box(1), black_box(5)], black_box(10)).unwrap())
    });
    c.bench_function("acc two usize ok", |b| {
        b.iter(|| get_many_check_valid_acc(&[black_box(1), black_box(5)], black_box(10)).ok())
    });
    c.bench_function("acc three usize", |b| {
        b.iter(|| {
            get_many_check_valid_acc(&[black_box(1), black_box(5), black_box(7)], black_box(10))
        })
    });
    c.bench_function("acc three usize match", |b| {
        b.iter(|| {
            match get_many_check_valid_jumps(
                &[black_box(1), black_box(5), black_box(7)],
                black_box(10),
            ) {
                Err(GetManyMutError::IndexOutOfBounds) => foo(),
                Err(GetManyMutError::OverlappingIndices) => bar(),
                Ok(()) => baz(),
            }
        })
    });
    c.bench_function("acc two Range", |b| {
        b.iter(|| {
            get_many_check_valid_acc(
                &[black_box(1)..black_box(5), black_box(7)..black_box(8)],
                black_box(10),
            )
        })
    });
    c.bench_function("acc two RangeInclusive", |b| {
        b.iter(|| {
            get_many_check_valid_acc(
                &[black_box(1)..=black_box(5), black_box(7)..=black_box(8)],
                black_box(10),
            )
        })
    });
}

criterion_group!(benches, bench_method);
criterion_main!(benches);
```
Benchmark results:
```none
jumps two usize          time:   [586.44 ps 590.20 ps 594.50 ps]
jumps two usize unwrap   time:   [390.44 ps 393.63 ps 397.44 ps]
jumps two usize ok       time:   [585.52 ps 591.74 ps 599.38 ps]
jumps three usize        time:   [976.51 ps 983.79 ps 991.51 ps]
jumps three usize match  time:   [390.82 ps 393.80 ps 397.07 ps]
jumps two Range          time:   [1.2583 ns 1.2640 ns 1.2695 ns]
jumps two RangeInclusive time:   [1.2673 ns 1.2770 ns 1.2877 ns]
acc two usize            time:   [592.63 ps 596.44 ps 600.52 ps]
acc two usize unwrap     time:   [582.65 ps 587.07 ps 591.90 ps]
acc two usize ok         time:   [581.59 ps 587.82 ps 595.71 ps]
acc three usize          time:   [894.69 ps 901.23 ps 908.24 ps]
acc three usize match    time:   [392.68 ps 395.73 ps 399.17 ps]
acc two Range            time:   [1.5531 ns 1.5617 ns 1.5711 ns]
acc two RangeInclusive   time:   [1.5746 ns 1.5840 ns 1.5939 ns]
```

Author: matthiaskrgr