Fix a false positive for Rails/WhereMissing when left_joins(:foo) and where(foos: {id: nil}) separated by or, and

This PR is fix a false positive for `Rails/WhereMissing` when `left_joins(:foo)` and `where(foos: {id: nil})` separated by `or`, `and`.

It is necessary to consider the following cases, which are separated by `or` or `and`.

```ruby
Foo.left_joins(:foo).or(Foo.where(foos: {id: nil}))
Foo.where(foos: {id: nil}).and(Foo.left_joins(:foo))
```

Author: ydah

changelog/fix_fix_a_false_positive_for_rails_where_missing.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#871](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop-rails/pull/871): Fix a false positive for `Rails/WhereMissing` when `left_joins(:foo)` and `where(foos: {id: nil})` separated by `or`, `and`. ([@ydah][])

lib/rubocop/cop/rails/where_missing.rb

@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@ class WhereMissing < Base
         def on_send(node)
           return unless node.first_argument.sym_type?
 
-          where_node_and_argument(root_receiver(node)) do |where_node, where_argument|
+          root_receiver = root_receiver(node)
+          where_node_and_argument(root_receiver) do |where_node, where_argument|
+            next unless root_receiver == root_receiver(where_node)
             next unless same_relationship?(where_argument, node.first_argument)
 
             range = range_between(node.loc.selector.begin_pos, node.loc.expression.end_pos)
@@ -50,7 +52,12 @@ def on_send(node)
         private
 
         def root_receiver(node)
-          node&.parent&.send_type? ? root_receiver(node.parent) : node
+          parent = node.parent
+          if !parent&.send_type? || parent.method?(:or) || parent.method?(:and)
+            node
+          else
+            root_receiver(parent)
+          end
         end
 
         def same_relationship?(where, left_joins)

spec/rubocop/cop/rails/where_missing_spec.rb

@@ -230,6 +230,40 @@ def test
       RUBY
     end
 
+    it 'does not register an offense when `left_joins(:foo)` and `where(foos: {id: nil})` separated by `or`' do
+      expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+        Foo.left_joins(:foo).or(Foo.where(foos: {id: nil}))
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it 'does not register an offense when `left_joins(:foo)` and `where(foos: {id: nil})` separated by `and`' do
+      expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+        Foo.where(foos: {id: nil}).and(Foo.left_joins(:foo))
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it 'registers an offense when using `left_joins(:foo).where(foo: {id: nil})` outside `or` conditional expression' do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+        Foo.left_joins(:foo).where(foos: {id: nil}).or(Foo.where(bar: "bar").left_joins(:foo))
+            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Use `where.missing(:foo)` instead of `left_joins(:foo).where(foos: { id: nil })`.
+      RUBY
+
+      expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+        Foo.where.missing(:foo).or(Foo.where(bar: "bar").left_joins(:foo))
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it 'registers an offense when using `left_joins(:foo).where(foo: {id: nil})` within `and` conditional expression' do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+        Foo.left_joins(:foo).where(bar: "bar").and(Foo.where(foos: {id: nil}).left_joins(:foo))
+                                                                              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Use `where.missing(:foo)` instead of `left_joins(:foo).where(foos: { id: nil })`.
+      RUBY
+
+      expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+        Foo.left_joins(:foo).where(bar: "bar").and(Foo.where.missing(:foo))
+      RUBY
+    end
+
     it "registers an offense when using `left_joins(:foo).where(foos: {id: nil}, bar: 'bar')` " \
        "with other `left_joins(:foo).where(foos: {id: nil}, bar: 'bar')`" do
       expect_offense(<<~RUBY)