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Importing 0.13b version, now 0.0.13b
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‎ChangeLog

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OutGuess 0.13b
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--------------
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1999-08-06 - Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
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- Add additional statistics for analysis purposes.
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- Fix a bug that changed bits in searching mode.
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OutGuess 0.13
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-------------
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1999-07-18 - Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
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- With ECC introduce errors where possible to avoid changing bits
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with high detectability.
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- Add statistics for changed bits distribution via -t flag
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- Give a weight to each bit to indicate its detecability.
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OutGuess 0.12
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-------------
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1999-07-10 - Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
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- Make the Golay encoding work with tolerating 3 bit errors.
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OutGuess 0.11
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-------------
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1999-07-07 - Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
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- Via configure allow compilation on other systems than OpenBSD
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- Pass a parameter to the destination handler, for JPEG it is the
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compression quality, but e.g. for wav or mp3 it could be frequency
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and sample rate.
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- Output the total number of bits changed for easier batch processing.
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- Reduce the number of bit errors allowed in the Golay code from 3 to
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2 per 23-bit block.
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OutGuess 0.1
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------------
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1999-07-05 - Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>

‎Makefile.in

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# OutGuess 0.1 Makefile (c) 1999 Niels Provos
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srcdir = @srcdir@
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VPATH = @srcdir@
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install_prefix =
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prefix = @prefix@
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exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
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bindir = @bindir@
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mandir = @mandir@/man1
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CC = @CC@
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CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@ $(JPEGINCS)
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LDFLAGS = @LDFLAGS@
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LIBS = $(JPEGLIBS) -lm
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INSTALL = @INSTALL@
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INSTALL_PROG = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@
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INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
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JPEGDIR = ./jpeg-6b-steg
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JPEGINCS = -I$(JPEGDIR)
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JPEGLIBS = -L$(JPEGDIR) -ljpeg
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JPEGDEP = $(JPEGDIR)/libjpeg.a
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# Use fourier functions
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# CFLAGS += -DFOURIER -I/usr/local/include
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# LIBS += -L/usr/local/lib -lrfftw -lfftw
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OBJ = outguess.o golay.o arc.o pnm.o jpg.o @MD5OBJ@
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all: outguess
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outguess: $(JPEGDEP) $(OBJ)
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$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCS) -o $@ $(OBJ) $(LDFLAGS) $(LIBS)
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$(JPEGDEP):
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cd $(JPEGDIR); $(MAKE) libjpeg.a
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install: all
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$(INSTALL_PROG) -m 755 outguess $(install_prefix)$(bindir)
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$(INSTALL_DATA) outguess.1 $(install_prefix)$(mandir)
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clean:
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rm -f outguess *~ $(OBJ)
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distclean: clean
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cd $(JPEGDIR); $(MAKE) $@
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rm -f Makefile config.h config.status config.cache config.log

‎README

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OutGuess 0.13b
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--------------
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1999-08-06 - Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
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OutGuess is a universal steganographic tool that allows the insertion
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of hidden information into the redundant bits of data sources. The
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nature of the data source is irrelevant to the core of OutGuess. The
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program relies on data specific handlers that will extract redundant
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bits and write them back after modification. In this version the PNM
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and JPEG image formats are supported. In the next paragraphs, images
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will be used as concrete example of data objects, though OutGuess can
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use any kind of data, as long as a handler is provided.
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OutGuess is available under the BSD software license. Please see each
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source file for its respective license. OutGuess was written in
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Germany, and CONTAINS CRYPTOGRAPHIC FUNCTIONS.
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Steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communication is
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happening. Classical steganography systems depend on keeping the
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encoding system secret, but modern steganography should only be
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detectable if a secret information, e.g. a secret key is known. But
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because of their invasive nature they leave detectable traces within
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an image's characteristics, e.g. its Fourier signature, and hence
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allow an eavesdropper to detect images which have been modified, and
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thus giving away the fact that secret communication is happening. The
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secret of the information is not degraded, its hidden nature is
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revealed, defeating the whole purpose of Steganography.
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A more processor- and space-intensive alternative is to match existing
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images against the source data in order to minimize the number of
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modifications required to express the original message.
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OutGuess uses a generic iterator object to select which bits in the
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data should be modified. A seed can be used to modify the behavior
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of the iterator. It is embedded in the data along with the rest of the
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message. By altering the seed, OutGuess tries to find a sequence of
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bits that minimizes the number of changes in the data that have to be
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made.
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A bias is introduced that favors the modification of bits that were
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extracted from a high value, and tries to avoid the modification of
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bits that were extracted from a low value.
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A sample output from OutGuess is as follows:
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Reading ....
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Extracting usable bits ...
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JPEG compression quality set to 91
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Encoded data: 1178
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Finding best embedding...
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New best: 0: 4709(49.8%), bias 4332(0.92), saved: 3
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New best: 5: 4700(49.7%), bias 4290(0.91), saved: 12
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New best: 7: 4663(49.3%), bias 4217(0.90), saved: 49
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New best: 17: 4644(49.1%), bias 4188(0.90), saved: 68
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New best: 121: 4660(49.3%), bias 4169(0.89), saved: 52
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121, 8829: Embedding data: 9424 in 81406
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Bits embedded: 9456, changed: 4660(49.3%), bias: 4169, tot: 81320, skip: 71864
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Total bits changed: 8829 (changed 4660 + bias 4169)
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Storing bitmap into data...
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Writing ....
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The simple example script "seek_script" uses OutGuess to select an image
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that fits the data we want to hide the best, yielding the lowest number
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of changed bits. Because we do not care about the actual content of
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the cover data we send, this is a very viable approach.
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Additionally, OutGuess allows to hide an arbitrary number of messages
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in the data. Thus it also provides plausible deniablity. It keeps
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track of the bits that have been modified previously and locks them.
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A (23,12,7) Golay code is used for error correction to tolerate
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collisions on locked bits. Artifical errors are introduced to avoid
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modifying bits that have a hight bias.
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IN THIS VERSION, OUTGUESS ONLY INSERTS TWO DIFFERENT MESSAGES. THE
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RELEASE VERSION WILL HANDLE AN ARBITRARY NUMBER.
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The available command line options are, capital letters specify options
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for the second message,
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-k <key> The secret key used to encrypt and hide the message in
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the provided data.
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-d <filename> The filename specifying the message to be hidden in the
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data.
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-i <n> The upper limit in finding an optimal iterator seed. The
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maximum value for the limit is 65536.
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-s <n> The initial seed the iterator object uses for
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selecting bits in the redundant data. If no upper limit
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is specified, the iterator will use this seed without
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searching for a more optimal embedding.
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-e Use error correction for data encoding and decoding.
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Other options that apply to the general executions of OutGuess are
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-r Retrieve a message from a data object. If this option
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is not specified, OutGuess will embed messages.
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-x <n> If the second key does not create an iterator object
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that is successful in embedding the data, the program
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will derive up to <n> new keys.
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-p "param" Passes a string as parameter to the destination data
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handler. For the JPEG image format, this is the
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compression quality, it can take values between 75 and
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100. The higher the quality the more bits to hide
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a message in the data are available.
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-t Collect statistics about redundant bit usage. Repeated
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't's increase output level. Probably meaningless to
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most.
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For embedding messages, you need to specify a source and a destination
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filename. OutGuess determines the data format by the filename extension.
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If no filenames are specified OutGuess operates as filter and assumes
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the PPM data format.
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For example
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outguess -k "my secret pass phrase" -d hidden.txt monkey.jpg out.jpg
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embeds the message 'hidden.txt' into the 'monkey.jpg' image. In the
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other direction
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outguess -k "my secret pass phrase" -r out.jpg message.txt
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will retrieve the hidden message from the image.
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If you want to embed a second message, use
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outguess -k "secret1" -d hide1.txt -E -K "secret2" -D hide2.txt \
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monkey.jpg out.jpg
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OutGuess will first embed "hide1.txt" and then "hide2.txt" on top of
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it, using error correcting codes. The second message "hide2.txt" can
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be retrieved with
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outguess -k "secret2" -e -r out.jpg message.txt
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As this is a BETA version, I would like you to give me feedback on
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the usefulness of OutGuess.
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Installation
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------------
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OutGuess has been modified to use autoconf, a normal installation
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should require only
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1. ./configure && make
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If your system is not supported, trying building by hand as follows
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1. Install the JPEG-6b libjpeg.a library and patch it with
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jpeg-6b-steg.diff. You can obtain the source from
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ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz.
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The Makefile expects the library to be at ../jpeg-6b.
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2. Edit the Makefile and type make
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OutGuess has only been tested on OpenBSD, Linux, Solaris and AIX.
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BUGS:
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-----
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Not all the redundant data available in the JPEG encoding is used,
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this is due to a problem when reconstructing the Huffman coefficients.
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I have seen cases when two MCU blocks have only the first coefficient
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assigned, that the coefficents are the same and do not represent
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the Huffman coefficients that were used when the image was created,
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and thus getting the bit stream out of sync. So I just ignore the
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first coefficent always.
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Acknowledgments:
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----------------
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OutGuess uses code from, attributions can also be found in the sources,
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Markus Kuhn's Stirmark software, see STIRMARK-README.
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the Independent JPEG Group's JPEG software, see JPEG_README.
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the Arc4 random number generator for OpenBSD, (c) 1996 by
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David Mazieres <dm@lcs.mit.edu>.
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free MD5 code by Colin Plumb.
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For determining the redundant bits out of a JPEG image, the jpeg-jsteg-v4
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patches by Derek Upham <upham@cs.ubc.ca> were helpful.
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Thanks to
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Dug Song <dugsong@monkey.org> for helping with configure,
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Andrew Reiter <andrewr@rot26.net> for testing on Solaris.

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