Add uv to Docker image (#51675)

Ray has recently added uv support but it's not shipped with base images.
This changes adds uv into ray's base image.

Closes #51592

Signed-off-by: Dom Miketa <dominik.miketa@recursion.com>

Author: d-miketa

docker/base-deps/Dockerfile

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ wget --quiet \
 /bin/bash /tmp/miniforge.sh -b -u -p $HOME/anaconda3
 
 $HOME/anaconda3/bin/conda init
-echo 'export PATH=$HOME/anaconda3/bin:$PATH' >> /home/ray/.bashrc
+echo 'export PATH=$HOME/anaconda3/bin:$PATH' >> $HOME/.bashrc
 rm /tmp/miniforge.sh
 $HOME/anaconda3/bin/conda install -y libgcc-ng python=$PYTHON_VERSION
 $HOME/anaconda3/bin/conda install -y -c conda-forge libffi=3.4.2
@@ -105,13 +105,22 @@ if [[ "$AUTOSCALER" == "autoscaler" ]]; then
     )
 fi
 
-$HOME/anaconda3/bin/pip install --no-cache-dir \
+# Install uv
+wget -qO- https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sudo env UV_UNMANAGED_INSTALL="/usr/local/bin" sh
+
+# Set up Conda as system Python
+export PATH=$HOME/anaconda3/bin:$PATH
+
+# Some packages are on PyPI as well as other indices, but the latter
+# (unhelpfully) take precedence. We use `--index-strategy unsafe-best-match`
+# to ensure that the best match is chosen from the available indices.
+uv pip install --system --no-cache-dir --index-strategy unsafe-best-match \
     -c $HOME/requirements_compiled.txt \
     "${PIP_PKGS[@]}"
 
 # To avoid the following error on Jenkins:
 # AttributeError: 'numpy.ufunc' object has no attribute '__module__'
-$HOME/anaconda3/bin/pip uninstall -y dask
+uv pip uninstall --system dask
 
 # We install cmake temporarily to get psutil
 sudo apt-get autoremove -y cmake zlib1g-dev