Arm backend: Match fp32->int32 cast between pytorch and TOSA's CAST (#12243)

- Pytorch .to() truncates values toward zeros, while TOSA's CAST rounds
values to the nearest int. They will show different behaviours on
fp32->int32 casting.
- Fix the mismatched behaviour with the following transformation: 
   Before:
     output = to_copy(x, torch.int32) 
   After:
     is_non_negative = x >= 0
     floor_x = floor(x)
     ceil_x = ceil(x)
     decorated_x = where(is_non_negative, floor_x, ceil_x)
     output = to_copy(decorated_x, torch.int32)

Change-Id: I21286432eeb0a5e2f21865f3ac097051c921a9b3



cc @digantdesai @freddan80 @per @zingo @oscarandersson8218

Signed-off-by: Yufeng Shi <yufeng.shi@arm.com>

Author: YufengShi-dudu

backends/arm/_passes/__init__.py

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 from .decompose_sqrt_pass import DecomposeSqrtPass  # noqa
 from .decompose_sum_pass import DecomposeSumPass  # noqa
 from .decompose_var_pass import DecomposeVarPass  # noqa
+from .decorate_fp32_to_int32_casting_pass import DecorateFp32toInt32CastingPass  # noqa
 from .fold_qdq_with_annotated_qparams_pass import (  # noqa
     FoldAndAnnotateQParamsPass,
     QuantizeOperatorArguments,

backends/arm/_passes/arm_pass_manager.py

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
     DecomposeSqrtPass,
     DecomposeSumPass,
     DecomposeVarPass,
+    DecorateFp32toInt32CastingPass,
     FoldAndAnnotateQParamsPass,
     FuseBatchnorm2DPass,
     FuseConstantArgsPass,
@@ -200,6 +201,9 @@ def _tosa_080_MI_pipeline(self, exported_program: ExportedProgram) -> GraphModul
         self.add_pass(MatchArgRanksPass(exported_program))
         self.add_pass(DecomposeAdaptiveAvgPool2dPass())
         self.add_pass(DecomposeAvgPool2d())
+        self.add_pass(
+            DecorateFp32toInt32CastingPass()
+        )  # Require that no new fp32->int32 is introduced after this pass
         self.add_pass(ComputeConstantOpsAOT(exported_program))
 
         self.add_pass(DecomposeGroupedConv())

backends/arm/_passes/decorate_fp32_to_int32_casting_pass.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Copyright 2025 Arm Limited and/or its affiliates.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+# pyre-unsafe
+
+
+import torch
+from executorch.backends.arm._passes import ArmPass
+from executorch.backends.arm._passes.arm_pass_utils import get_node_arg
+from executorch.exir.dialects._ops import ops as exir_ops
+
+
+def _get_decorated_ops(op):
+    if op in DecorateFp32toInt32CastingPass.targets:
+        return (
+            exir_ops.edge.aten.full.default,
+            exir_ops.edge.aten.ge.Tensor,
+            exir_ops.edge.aten.floor.default,
+            exir_ops.edge.aten.ceil.default,
+            exir_ops.edge.aten.where.self,
+        )
+    else:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Can't get decorated ops for op {op}")
+
+
+class DecorateFp32toInt32CastingPass(ArmPass):
+    """
+    To lower pytorch fp32 -> int32 casting to TOSA,
+    we need to transform the value with Ceil, Floor, and Where.
+    Before:
+        output = to_copy(x, dtype=torch.int32)
+    After:
+        %zero = full((1,), 0.0, dtype=torch.float32)
+        is_non_negative = x >= %zero
+        floor_x = floor(x)
+        ceil_x = ceil(x)
+        decorated_x = where(is_non_negative, floor_x, ceil_x)
+        output = to_copy(decorated_x, dtype=torch.int32)
+    """
+
+    targets = [
+        exir_ops.edge.aten._to_copy.default,
+        exir_ops.edge.dim_order_ops._to_dim_order_copy.default,
+    ]
+
+    def call_operator(self, op, args, kwargs, meta):
+        if op not in self.targets:
+            return super().call_operator(op, args, kwargs, meta)
+
+        input = get_node_arg(args, 0)
+        input_dtype = input.node.meta["val"].dtype
+        output_dtype = meta["val"].dtype
+
+        if not (input_dtype == torch.float32 and output_dtype == torch.int32):
+            return super().call_operator(op, args, kwargs, meta)
+
+        op_full, op_ge, op_floor, op_ceil, op_where = _get_decorated_ops(op)
+
+        zero = super().call_operator(
+            op_full,
+            args=((1,) * len(meta["val"].size()), 0.0),
+            kwargs={"dtype": torch.float32},
+            meta=meta,
+            updated=True,
+        )
+
+        is_non_negative = super().call_operator(
+            op_ge, (input, zero), {}, meta, updated=True
+        )
+        floor_x = super().call_operator(op_floor, (input,), {}, meta, updated=True)
+        ceil_x = super().call_operator(op_ceil, (input,), {}, meta, updated=True)
+        decorated_x = super().call_operator(
+            op_where, (is_non_negative, floor_x, ceil_x), {}, meta, updated=True
+        )
+
+        return super().call_operator(op, (decorated_x,), kwargs, meta, updated=True)

backends/arm/test/passes/test_decorate_fp32_to_int32_casting_pass.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# Copyright 2025 Arm Limited and/or its affiliates.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+from typing import Tuple
+
+import torch
+from executorch.backends.arm.test import common
+
+from executorch.backends.arm.test.tester.test_pipeline import (
+    OpNotSupportedPipeline,
+    TosaPipelineMI,
+)
+
+input_t1 = Tuple[torch.Tensor]  # Input x
+
+
+class FP32ToINT32Casting(torch.nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, target_dtype):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.target_dtype = target_dtype
+
+    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
+        return x.to(self.target_dtype)
+
+
+test_data_fp32_input = {
+    "fp32_input_rank1": lambda: (
+        torch.rand((4), dtype=torch.float32),
+        torch.int32,
+    ),
+    "fp32_input_rank2": lambda: (
+        torch.rand((3, 4), dtype=torch.float32),
+        torch.int32,
+    ),
+    "fp32_input_rank3": lambda: (
+        torch.rand((2, 3, 4), dtype=torch.float32),
+        torch.int32,
+    ),
+    "fp32_input_rank4": lambda: (
+        torch.rand((1, 2, 3, 4), dtype=torch.float32),
+        torch.int32,
+    ),
+}
+
+
+@common.parametrize("test_data", test_data_fp32_input)
+def test_decorate_fp32_to_int32_casting_tosa_MI(test_data: Tuple):
+    test_tensor, target_dtype = test_data()
+    module = FP32ToINT32Casting(target_dtype)
+
+    pipeline = TosaPipelineMI[input_t1](
+        module,
+        (test_tensor,),
+        aten_op=[],
+        exir_op=[],
+    )
+    pipeline.run()
+
+
+@common.parametrize("test_data", test_data_fp32_input)
+def test_decorate_fp32_to_int32_casting_tosa_BI(test_data: Tuple):
+    """
+    Casting operation involving floating-point dtypes will be rejected in BI/INT profile.
+    Therefore, the DecorateFp32toInt32CastingPass is not required in this profile.
+    Add a BI test to ensure that such casting is rejected as expected.
+    """
+    test_tensor, target_dtype = test_data()
+    module = FP32ToINT32Casting(target_dtype)
+
+    pipeline = OpNotSupportedPipeline[input_t1](
+        module,
+        (test_tensor,),
+        {
+            "executorch_exir_dialects_edge__ops_dim_order_ops__to_dim_order_copy_default": 1
+        },
+        quantize=True,
+    )
+    pipeline.run()