diff --git a/pypdf/_writer.py b/pypdf/_writer.py
index 069a36deb..ece537d71 100644
--- a/pypdf/_writer.py
+++ b/pypdf/_writer.py
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
     _get_max_pdf_version_header,
     deprecate,
     deprecate_no_replacement,
+    deprecate_with_replacement,
     deprecation_with_replacement,
     logger_warning,
 )
@@ -1613,17 +1614,26 @@ def compress_identical_objects(
         self,
         remove_identicals: bool = True,
         remove_orphans: bool = True,
+        remove_unreferenced: bool = True
     ) -> None:
         """
-        Parse the PDF file and merge objects that have the same hash.
+        Parse the PDF file objects that have the same hash.
         This will make objects common to multiple pages.
         Recommended to be used just before writing output.
 
         Args:
             remove_identicals: Remove identical objects.
-            remove_orphans: Remove unreferenced objects.
+            remove_orphans: Remove unreferenced objects, deprecated use remove_unreferenced.
+            remove_unreferenced: Remove unreferenced objects.
 
         """
+        deprecate_with_replacement(
+            old_name="remove_orphans",
+            new_name="remove_unreferenced",
+            removed_in="6.0.0",
+        )
+        if not remove_orphans:
+            remove_unreferenced = remove_orphans
 
         def replace_in_obj(
             obj: PdfObject, crossref: Dict[IndirectObject, IndirectObject]
@@ -1637,7 +1647,7 @@ def replace_in_obj(
             assert isinstance(obj, (DictionaryObject, ArrayObject))
             for k, v in key_val:
                 if isinstance(v, IndirectObject):
-                    orphans[v.idnum - 1] = False
+                    unreferenced[v.idnum - 1] = False
                     if v in crossref:
                         obj[k] = crossref[v]
                 else:
@@ -1645,9 +1655,9 @@ def replace_in_obj(
                     will be performed within replace_in_obj"""
                     replace_in_obj(v, crossref)
 
-        # _idnum_hash :dict[hash]=(1st_ind_obj,[other_indir_objs,...])
+        # _idnum_hash: dict[hash] = (1st_ind_obj, [2nd_ind_obj,...])
         self._idnum_hash = {}
-        orphans = [True] * len(self._objects)
+        unreferenced = [True] * len(self._objects)
         # look for similar objects
         for idx, obj in enumerate(self._objects):
             if is_null_or_none(obj):
@@ -1672,17 +1682,15 @@ def replace_in_obj(
             if isinstance(obj, (DictionaryObject, ArrayObject)):
                 replace_in_obj(obj, cnv_rev)
 
-        # remove orphans (if applicable)
-        orphans[self.root_object.indirect_reference.idnum - 1] = False  # type: ignore
-
-        orphans[self._info.indirect_reference.idnum - 1] = False  # type: ignore
-
-        try:
-            orphans[self._ID.indirect_reference.idnum - 1] = False  # type: ignore
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-        for i in compress(range(len(self._objects)), orphans):
-            self._objects[i] = None
+        if remove_unreferenced:
+            unreferenced[self.root_object.indirect_reference.idnum - 1] = False  # type: ignore
+            unreferenced[self._info.indirect_reference.idnum - 1] = False  # type: ignore
+            try:
+                unreferenced[self._ID.indirect_reference.idnum - 1] = False  # type: ignore
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            for i in compress(range(len(self._objects)), unreferenced):
+                self._objects[i] = None
 
     def _sweep_indirect_references(
         self,
diff --git a/tests/test_workflows.py b/tests/test_workflows.py
index f40858fe7..f1355383d 100644
--- a/tests/test_workflows.py
+++ b/tests/test_workflows.py
@@ -273,7 +273,11 @@ def test_transform_compress_identical_objects():
         op = Transformation().scale(sx=0.8, sy=0.8)
         page.add_transformation(op)
         writer.add_page(page)
-    writer.compress_identical_objects()
+    with pytest.warns(
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        match="remove_orphans is deprecated and will be removed in pypdf 6.0.0. Use remove_unreferenced instead.",
+    ):
+        writer.compress_identical_objects()
     bytes_out = BytesIO()
     writer.write(bytes_out)
     result_reader = PdfReader(bytes_out)
diff --git a/tests/test_writer.py b/tests/test_writer.py
index 90ff4f2de..3e26a6ad1 100644
--- a/tests/test_writer.py
+++ b/tests/test_writer.py
@@ -2399,7 +2399,11 @@ def test_compress_identical_objects():
     name = "iss2794.pdf"
     in_bytes = BytesIO(get_data_from_url(url, name=name))
     writer = PdfWriter(in_bytes)
-    writer.compress_identical_objects(remove_orphans=False)
+    with pytest.warns(
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        match="remove_orphans is deprecated and will be removed in pypdf 6.0.0. Use remove_unreferenced instead.",
+    ):
+        writer.compress_identical_objects(remove_orphans=False)
     out1 = BytesIO()
     writer.write(out1)
     assert 0.5 * len(in_bytes.getvalue()) > len(out1.getvalue())
@@ -2409,7 +2413,11 @@ def test_compress_identical_objects():
     out2 = BytesIO()
     writer.write(out2)
     assert len(out1.getvalue()) - 100 < len(out2.getvalue())
-    writer.compress_identical_objects(remove_identicals=False)
+    with pytest.warns(
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        match="remove_orphans is deprecated and will be removed in pypdf 6.0.0. Use remove_unreferenced instead.",
+    ):
+        writer.compress_identical_objects(remove_identicals=False)
     out3 = BytesIO()
     writer.write(out3)
     assert len(out2.getvalue()) > len(out3.getvalue())
@@ -2694,7 +2702,11 @@ def test_compress_identical_objects__after_remove_images():
     """Test for #3237"""
     writer = PdfWriter(clone_from=RESOURCE_ROOT / "AutoCad_Diagram.pdf")
     writer.remove_images()
-    writer.compress_identical_objects(remove_identicals=True, remove_orphans=True)
+    with pytest.warns(
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        match="remove_orphans is deprecated and will be removed in pypdf 6.0.0. Use remove_unreferenced instead.",
+    ):
+        writer.compress_identical_objects(remove_identicals=True, remove_orphans=True)
 
 
 def test_merge__process_named_dests__no_dests_in_source_file():