"WAV" very slow playback

[vwwwvwww]

sdcard->i2s

This library is great, but,The examples in this library are a bit too concise for me. It took me almost a week to get the MP3 playback working properly.

I discovered from your previous answers in the issues that the stuttering during MP3 playback was caused by insufficient buffer size. It was necessary to adjust the buffer size and set an appropriate value for I2S_BUFFER_COUNT. Finally, the MP3 playback became normal.
`
#define USE_SDFAT
#include "AudioTools.h"
#include "AudioLibs/AudioSourceSDFAT.h"
#include "AudioCodecs/CodecMP3Helix.h"

static char startFilePath="/";
const char ext="mp3";
AudioSourceSDFAT source(startFilePath, ext);
I2SStream i2s;
MP3DecoderHelix decoder;
AudioPlayer player(source, i2s, decoder);

void setup() {
auto cfg = i2s.defaultConfig(TX_MODE);
i2s.begin(cfg);
player.begin();
}
void loop()
{
player.copy();
}`

Now I started playing the next file format, "WAV," and encountered the problem of very slow playback. I noticed that most of the reference examples were for MP3 files, with very few examples for other formats. I don't know where to start looking for the cause of this issue, and I'm unsure if it could be related to the buffer size. I hope to find the solution here.
`#define USE_SDFAT
#include "AudioTools.h"
#include "AudioLibs/AudioSourceSDFAT.h"
#include "AudioCodecs/CodecWAV.h"

char startFilePath="/";
char ext="wav";

AudioSourceSDFAT source(startFilePath, ext);
I2SStream i2s;
WAVDecoder decoder;
AudioPlayer player(source, i2s, decoder);`

[vwwwvwww]

Significantly increasing the DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE and I2S_BUFFER_COUNT has improved the situation, but the exact values still need to be determined. I hope to have a reference value.

[pschatzmann]

For me all the examples are working perfectly w/o any changes.

I suggest that you investigate and maybe try to optimize the SD speed.
The best thru-put you can get with a 4 pin SDMMC.

As far as the other topics are concerned I suggest to spend some more time to read the documentation. There is a separate chapter about codecs!

If you have issues with decoding high bitrate MP3 you would need to read the documentation provided by libhelix.

[vwwwvwww]

I previously thought that the size of the buffer was causing the change in playback speed.
Thank you for pointing me in the right direction.

//int speedMHz = 2
int speedMHz = 20
I was using the default constructor of sdfat, which was causing the slow playback. Changing it to 20 resolved .

[pschatzmann]

I agree 2 seems to be a bit low and I am usually using 10 with the AudioKit.
If I remember right I was using this low value because this was the only way to get it reliably working with some SD models.

I will increase the default to 10.

[vwwwvwww]

When switching a song, dynamically update the i2s output configuration

Where should I insert

i2s_set_clk ( I2S_DEFAULT_PORT, new_sample_rate, new_bits_per_sample, new_channels)

Did I use the wrong function?

I tried calling "i2s.setAudioInfo(decoder.audioInfo())", but caused esp32 rebooting,

[pschatzmann]

You would not need to do anything, this should be automatically handled by the decoder from the information in the WAV or mp3 file

[vwwwvwww]

The wav file with 16bit 44.1k is fine, but when playing this song (24bit 48k), esp32 keeps rebooting.

Audio information: 48000Hz 24-bit integer WAV file.

[pschatzmann]

Well, I have never tried something like this because the resulting file size just takes up too much space w/o gaining anything.

[vwwwvwww]

Oh, I didn't explain it clearly.

I am playing music files, and I encountered an error when decoding a 24-bit 48kHz file.

I tried calling the i2s_set_clk () function to update the parameters of the i2s output, but failed. I couldn't find the correct location to place it

[pschatzmann]

Maybe you will need to follow up the error!
The correct way to set the information is by calling begin(I2SConfig) to start or after it has been started setAudioInfo(setAudioInfo) on the I2SStream object. Just calling some methods is asking for trouble!

[vwwwvwww]

You are correct. library can automatically configure the new sampling rate.
i need to follow up the error

player. begin();
player.setPath("/33.wav");
player.setAudioInfo(decoder.audioInfo());

I] I2SConfig.h : 126 - is_master: Master
[I] I2SConfig.h : 127 - sample rate: 48000
[I] I2SConfig.h : 128 - bits per sample: 24
[I] I2SConfig.h : 129 - number of channels: 2

[D] I2SESP32.h : 184 - i2s_driver_install
[D] I2SESP32.h : 201 - i2s_set_pin
[D] I2SESP32.h : 212 - i2s_zero_dma_buffer
[D] I2SESP32.h : 216 - begin - started
[D] I2SStream.h : 95 - I2SStream::write : 17

[D] VolumeStream.h : 138 - virtual size_t audio_tools::VolumeStream::write(const uint8_t*, size_t)
[I] Fade.h : 111 - fade in 1699 frames from volume 0.000000
[D] I2SStream.h : 95 - I2SStream::write : 10196
[D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
[D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 10196 -> 10196 bytes
[D] AudioEncoded.h : 377 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 10240 -> 10196
Guru Meditation Error: Core 1 panic'ed (LoadProhibited). Exception was unhandled.

[vwwwvwww]

playing a 48000Hz 24-bit WAV file.

                      #include "AudioCodecs/CodecWAV.h"
                      WAVDecoder decoder;
                      
                      [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
                      [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 10196 -> 10196 bytes
                      [D] AudioEncoded.h : 377 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 10240 -> 10196
                      Guru Meditation Error: Core 1 panic'ed (LoadProhibited). Exception was unhandled.

data length > result, causing a memory access error MCU Rebooting....

When I changed it to:

                    #include "AudioCodecs/CodecWavIMA.h"
                    WavIMADecoder decoder;

                    [D] AudioEncoded.h : 366 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 10240
                    [D] CodecWavIMA.h : 368 - virtual size_t audio_tools::WavIMADecoder::write(const void*, size_t)
                    [D] AudioEncoded.h : 379 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 10240 -> 10240

data length = result, but there is no sound (no data output to I2S).

I tried to find the cause of the error.

                               /// encodeor decode the data
                              ```

                                virtual size_t write(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {
                                  custom_log_level.set();
                                  LOGD("EncodedAudioOutput::write: %d", (int)len);
                                  if (len == 0) {
                                    LOGI("write: %d", 0);
                                    return 0;
                                  }                                  
                                  if (writer_ptr == nullptr || data == nullptr) {
                                    LOGE("NPE");
                                    return 0;
                                  }
                              
                                  size_t result = writer_ptr->write(data, len);
                                  LOGD("EncodedAudioOutput::write: %d -> %d", (int)len, (int)result);
                                  custom_log_level.reset();
                              
                                  return result;
                                }
                              ```

It seems that the line size_t result = writer_ptr->write(data, len) in AudioEncoded.h is related,

but I don't know which file it jumps to and couldn't find the specific execution code."

[pschatzmann]

The crash is coming from the volume processing because of the wrong size for int14_t. But there is another problem which needs to be addressed: in the wav file int24 has 3 bytes but on the ESP32 it expects 4 bytes. I am not sure yet how and where to handle this. Probably with some special logic in the wav decoder

[vwwwvwww]

I want to try converting 24-bit to 32-bit.
but I haven't found the exact location where I should insert it into the function.

           uint16_t    readlen = (size / 4) * 3;
           uint32_t    bread = audiofile.read(buf, readlen);
            for (i = size; i > 7;) // Copy the read data to buf and convert 24-bit data to 32-bit
            {
                buf[i - 1] = buf[i * 3 / 4 - 3];
                buf[i - 2] = 0;
                buf[i - 3] = buf[i * 3 / 4 - 1];
                buf[i - 4] = buf[i * 3 / 4 - 2];
                i -= 4;
            }
       
            buf[3] = buf[0];
            buf[0] = buf[1];
            buf[1] = buf[2];
            buf[2] = 0;
            bread = (bread / 3) * 4; // size after fill

[pschatzmann]

I committed some draft implementation.
Can you help me to test it ?
On the desktop (with PortAudio) the quality is quite bad, but I think this is because I am writing individual frames and not a big array...

ps. I just made the test with your file on an AudioKit with SDMMC and it works perfectly: please note that the SD speed becomes critical here and it important to set the log level to Warning or Error!

[vwwwvwww]

I downloaded arduino-audio-tools-main.zip and extracted it to overwrite the old documents. Following the procedure below, there was no error, but there is no sound, and it seems that no signal is entering the I2S output

  int speedMHz = 18; //SDFAT speedMHz 

 const char *startFilePath="/";
   const char* ext="wav";                      
  AudioSourceSDFAT source(startFilePath, ext);
  I2SStream i2s;
  WAVDecoder decoder;
  AudioPlayer player(source, i2s, decoder);

        void setup()
        {
                  auto cfg = i2s.defaultConfig(TX_MODE);
                  i2s.begin(cfg);
                  player. begin();
         }
          void loop()
         {
              player.copy();
         }

                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 184 - i2s_driver_install
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 201 - i2s_set_pin
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 212 - i2s_zero_dma_buffer
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 216 - begin - started
                                [I] CodecWAV.h : 453 - WAVDecoder writing first sound data
                                [D] VolumeStream.h : 138 - virtual size_t audio_tools::VolumeStream::write(const uint8_t*, size_t)
                                [I] Fade.h : 111 - fade in 1699 frames from volume 0.000000
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 10196
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 10196 -> 10196 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 262 - void audio_tools::SingleBuffer<T>::resize(int) [with T = unsigned char]
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] VolumeStream.h : 138 - virtual size_t audio_tools::VolumeStream::write(const uint8_t*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] VolumeStream.h : 138 - virtual size_t audio_tools::VolumeStream::write(const uint8_t*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] VolumeStream.h : 138 - virtual size_t audio_tools::VolumeStream::write(const uint8_t*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] VolumeStream.h : 138 - virtual size_t audio_tools::VolumeStream::write(const uint8_t*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] VolumeStream.h : 138 - virtual size_t audio_tools::VolumeStream::write(const uint8_t*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] VolumeStream.h : 138 - virtual size_t audio_tools::VolumeStream::write(const uint8_t*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] VolumeStream.h : 138 - virtual size_t audio_tools::VolumeStream::write(const uint8_t*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] AudioEncoded.h : 377 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 10240 -> 10240
                                [I] StreamCopy.h : 139 - StreamCopy::copy 10240 -> 10240 -> 10240 bytes - in 1 hops
                                [D] StreamCopy.h : 141 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
                                [D] StreamCopy.h : 149 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
                                [D] StreamCopy.h : 155 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]




                                [D] AudioPlayer.h : 383 - virtual size_t audio_tools::AudioPlayer::copy()
                                [D] StreamCopy.h : 97 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
                                [D] AudioEncoded.h : 365 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 10240
                                [D] CodecWAV.h : 326 - virtual size_t audio_tools::WAVDecoder::write(const void*, size_t)
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] VolumeStream.h : 138 - virtual size_t audio_tools::VolumeStream::write(const uint8_t*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] VolumeStream.h : 138 - virtual size_t audio_tools::VolumeStream::write(const uint8_t*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] VolumeStream.h : 138 - virtual size_t audio_tools::VolumeStream::write(const uint8_t*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] VolumeStream.h : 138 - virtual size_t audio_tools::VolumeStream::write(const uint8_t*, size_t)

Then I restored the documents to the state before the overwrite
and used " git pull " to update to the latest version.

playing the same WAV file, the following errors occurred.

                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 184 - i2s_driver_install
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 201 - i2s_set_pin
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 212 - i2s_zero_dma_buffer
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 216 - begin - started
                                [I] CodecWAV.h : 453 - WAVDecoder writing first sound data
                                [I] Fade.h : 111 - fade in 1358 frames from volume 0.000000
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8148
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8148 -> 8148 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
                                [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
                                [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
                                [D] AudioEncoded.h : 377 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 8192 -> 8192
                                CORRUPT HEAP: Bad head at 0x3f8029ac. Expected 0xabba1234 got 0x2caea800
                                Guru Meditation Error: Core  1 panic'ed (LoadProhibited). Exception was unhandled.

I changed to play a 16-bit/44.1kHz WAV
found that a buffer size of 1024x10 caused severe stuttering.
Then I increased it to 1024x30, which improved the performance.
This was not necessary before the upgrade.

However, when playing a 24-bit/48kHz, the error still , reboot.

I am still examining whether there is any issue with my compilation environment.

[pschatzmann]

Strange: for me it is working perfectly! You should not even get any copy size > 1024 !

10:11:23.446 -> [I] StreamCopy.h : 139 - StreamCopy::copy 1024 -> 1024 -> 1024 bytes - in 1 hops
10:11:23.446 -> [D] StreamCopy.h : 141 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
10:11:23.478 -> [D] StreamCopy.h : 149 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
10:11:23.478 -> [D] StreamCopy.h : 155 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
10:11:23.478 -> [D] AudioPlayer.h : 383 - virtual size_t audio_tools::AudioPlayer::copy()
10:11:23.510 -> [D] StreamCopy.h : 97 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
10:11:23.510 -> [D] AudioEncoded.h : 365 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 1024
10:11:23.510 -> [D] CodecWAV.h : 326 - virtual size_t audio_tools::WAVDecoder::write(const void*, size_t)
10:11:23.510 -> [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
10:11:23.510 -> [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
10:11:23.542 -> [D] VolumeStream.h : 138 - virtual size_t audio_tools::VolumeStream::write(const uint8_t*, size_t)
10:11:23.542 -> [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 8
10:11:23.542 -> [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
10:11:23.542 -> [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
10:11:23.542 -> [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3
10:11:23.542 -> [D] Buffers.h : 44 - readArray 3 -> 3

Are you sure that you did not do any local changes ?

[vwwwvwww]

Within 1024, there were indeed no more errors.

#define DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define READ_BUFFER_SIZE 1024

  [I] StreamCopy.h : 139 - StreamCopy::copy 1024 -> 1024 -> 1024 bytes - in 1 hops
  ==> Available stack: 5960 - heap: 121736
  ==> Available stack: 5960 - heap: 121736
  [I] StreamCopy.h : 139 - StreamCopy::copy 1024 -> 1024 -> 1024 bytes - in 1 hops
  ==> Available stack: 5960 - heap: 121736
  ==> Available stack: 5960 - heap: 121736
  [I] StreamCopy.h : 139 - StreamCopy::copy 1024 -> 1024 -> 1024 bytes - in 1 hops
 ==> Available stack: 5960 - heap: 121736

#define DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define READ_BUFFER_SIZE 512
#define I2S_BUFFER_SIZE 512
#define I2S_BUFFER_COUNT 6

  ==> Available stack: 6040 - heap: 274888
  [I] StreamCopy.h : 139 - StreamCopy::copy 1024 -> 1024 -> 1024 bytes - in 1 hops
  ==> Available stack: 6040 - heap: 274888
  [D] AudioEncoded.h : 365 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 1024
  [D] I2SStream.h : 93 - I2SStream::write: 1024
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 1024 -> 1024 bytes
  [D] AudioEncoded.h : 377 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 1024 -> 1024
  ==> Available stack: 6040 - heap: 274888
  [I] StreamCopy.h : 139 - StreamCopy::copy 1024 -> 1024 -> 1024 bytes - in 1 hops

But there were anomalies with the 16-bit/44.1kHz audio (there was signal through I2S, but stuttering occurred)

It seems that the 24-bit data is not entering the I2S

[pschatzmann]

I did not make any changes that would impact the 16-bit/44.1kHz
What DAC are you using to test the 24 bit ?

I propose to change the parameters in the sketch instead of the source code.

[vwwwvwww]

I experimented with CS4344 and PCM5102A

16-bit ,The stuttering issue was caused by using a breadboard, which resulted in slow transfer speeds between modules. when I used PSRAM, which provided a sufficiently large buffer, the audio played smoothly.

24-bit , if the buffer-size> 1024, it results in bad heap errors. If buffer-size<= 1024, there is no sound (likely due to the slow data transfer between modules on the breadboard).

[pschatzmann]

So, in a nutshell, you need to work on improving the speed for reading from your sd!
If 16bits is giving you already problems, then it is unrealistic to expect that you can use 24bits.

The best way to deal with this is by measuring the transfer speed and compare it with the required speeds

ps. you can still test the 24bits but you need to resample your file to reduce the sample rate to e.g 8000

[vwwwvwww]

Hello, I purchased a LYRAT v4.3 board yesterday and upgraded the arduino-audio-tools to the latest version. I plan to use it for testing 24-bit file playback. However, I encountered the following problem:

          #define BOARD_HAS_SDMMC
          #define BOARD_HAS_1BIT_SDMMC     
                   
          #include "AudioLibs/AudioSourceSDMMC.h"
          #include "AudioCodecs/CodecWAV.h"
          #include "AudioLibs/AudioKit.h"
          
          const char* ext="wav";
          AudioSourceSDMMC source(startFilePath, ext);
          AudioKitStream i2s;
          MP3DecoderHelix decoder;
          AudioPlayer player(source, i2s, decoder);
          
          void setup() {
              auto cfg = i2s.defaultConfig(TX_MODE);
              cfg.sd_active = false;
              i2s.begin(cfg);
              player. begin();
          }
          void loop()
          { 
               player.copy();
          }



    [D] AudioPlayer.h : 275 - virtual bool audio_tools::AudioPlayer::next(int)
    [I] AudioPlayer.h : 520 - void audio_tools::AudioPlayer::writeEnd()
    [D] StreamCopy.h : 97 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
    
    [I] StreamCopy.h : 320 - try write - 9 (open 1024 bytes) 
    ==> Available stack: 6116 - heap: 262300
    [D] AudioEncoded.h : 366 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 1024
    [I] StreamCopy.h : 320 - try write - 10 (open 1024 bytes) 
    ==> Available stack: 6116 - heap: 262300
    [D] AudioEncoded.h : 366 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 1024
    [I] StreamCopy.h : 320 - try write - 11 (open 1024 bytes) 
    ==> Available stack: 6116 - heap: 262300
    [D] AudioEncoded.h : 366 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 1024
    
    [E] StreamCopy.h : 314 - write to target has failed! (1024 bytes)





      [D] SDDirect.h : 148 - FileT audio_tools::SDDirect<SDT, FileT>::openNext(FileT&) [with SDT = SdFs; FileT = FsFile]
      [D] SDDirect.h : 143 - isDirectory 33.wav: 0
      [D] SDDirect.h : 211 - -> fileNamePath: 33.wav
      [D] SDDirect.h : 224 - <- fileNamePath: /33.wav
      [D] SDDirect.h : 185 - -> isValidAudioFile: '33.wav': 1
      [D] SDDirect.h : 109 - File /33.wav  at index: 2  
      [D] SDDirect.h : 148 - FileT audio_tools::SDDirect<SDT, FileT>::openNext(FileT&) [with SDT = SdFs; FileT = FsFile]
      [D] SDDirect.h : 152 - No next file
      [D] SDDirect.h : 168 - void audio_tools::SDDirect<SDT, FileT>::popPath() [with SDT = SdFs; FileT = FsFile]
      [D] SDDirect.h : 171 -   popPath: 
      [E] AudioSourceSDFAT.h : 111 - Filename is null
      [D] AudioPlayer.h : 205 - virtual void audio_tools::AudioPlayer::end()
      [I] AudioEncoded.h : 356 - virtual void audio_tools::EncodedAudioOutput::end()
      [D] CodecWAV.h : 314 - virtual void audio_tools::WAVDecoder::end()
      [I] MetaDataID3.h : 575 - virtual void audio_tools::MetaDataID3::end()
      [I] AudioPlayer.h : 211 - reset codec
      [D] CodecWAV.h : 314 - virtual void audio_tools::WAVDecoder::end()
      [D] CodecWAV.h : 306 - virtual void audio_tools::WAVDecoder::begin()
      [D] AudioEncoded.h : 329 - virtual bool audio_tools::EncodedAudioOutput::begin()
      [D] AudioEncoded.h : 331 - virtual bool audio_tools::EncodedAudioOutput::begin()
      [D] AudioEncoded.h : 28 - virtual void audio_tools::AudioDecoder::setAudioInfo(audio_tools::AudioInfo)
      [D] CodecWAV.h : 306 - virtual void audio_tools::WAVDecoder::begin()
      [D] AudioPlayer.h : 508 - stream is null

the same situation occurs when I tested it with the previous breadboard.

          #define USE_SDFAT
          #include "AudioLibs/AudioSourceSDFAT.h"
          #include "AudioCodecs/CodecMP3Helix.h"
          #include "AudioLibs/AudioKit.h"
          
          const char* ext="mp3";
         AudioSourceSDFAT source(startFilePath, ext); 
          I2SStream i2s;
          MP3DecoderHelix decoder;
          AudioPlayer player(source, i2s, decoder);
          
          void setup() {
              auto cfg = i2s.defaultConfig(TX_MODE);
              i2s.begin(cfg);
              player. begin();
          }
          void loop()
          { 
               player.copy();
          }

It was playable before the update. Is it because it cannot write to the output buffer?

                            [E] StreamCopy.h : 314 - write to target has failed! (1024 bytes)

[pschatzmann]

Yes - I messed up with one of my last commits.
It's fixed again...

[vwwwvwww]

I tested with the LYRAT v4.3 board, platform = espressif32@=5.3.0

similar to the breadboard ,

and found that the slow playback is related to the low frequency of the SD card.

There are three variables in AudioConfig.h:
DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE,
I2S_BUFFER_SIZE,
I2S_BUFFER_COUNT.

Only changing the value of DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE has the biggest impact.
if playing a 16-bit WAV file,
if DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE <= 1024 * 16, it cannot produce normal sound.

if DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE<=1024, I2S_BUFFER_SIZE =1024\512 I2S_BUFFER_COUNT = 3~50

it still cannot produce normal sound.Only short intermittent sounds, like "dadada", can be heard.

Is there any other value that needs to be adjusted?

[pschatzmann]

You don't give me any information I could work with.
But I suggest that you use SDMMC because that has the biggest thru-put. I could even play 24bit wavs with this!

For the other APIs double check and increase the SPI rate!

You should not really increase the DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE above 1k...
And I hope you were setting the log level to Warning!

.. I am starting to think that something is wrong with your SD card. It can't be that a simple copy from the SD to I2S w/o doing anything is slow...

[vwwwvwww]

                   #define DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
                   #define READ_BUFFER_SIZE 512
                   #define I2S_BUFFER_SIZE 512
                   #define I2S_BUFFER_COUNT 6

                  const char *startFilePath="/";
                  const char* ext="wav";                      
                  AudioSourceSDFAT source(startFilePath, ext);
                  I2SStream i2s;
                  WAVDecoder decoder;
                  AudioPlayer player(source, i2s, decoder);
        
                void setup()
                {         
                         AudioLogger::instance().begin(Serial, AudioLogger::Warning);
                          auto cfg = i2s.defaultConfig(TX_MODE);
                          i2s.begin(cfg);
                          player. begin();
                 }
                  void loop()
                 {
                      player.copy();
                 }

I replaced an SD card,

when DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE ==1024,
when playing a 16-bit WAV file, the sound is clear. Other than the playback speed being a bit fast,
there don't seem to be any other issues

However, when playing 24-bit WAV files,
there is an issue that causes the ESP32 to continuously reboot.
This was not the case before I upgraded the arduino-audio-tools.

    [I] AudioSourceSDFAT.h : 120 - -> selectStream: /33.wav
    [D] AudioPlayer.h : 203 - virtual void audio_tools::AudioPlayer::end()
    [I] AudioEncoded.h : 356 - virtual void audio_tools::EncodedAudioOutput::end()
    [D] CodecWAV.h : 314 - virtual void audio_tools::WAVDecoder::end()
    [I] MetaDataID3.h : 575 - virtual void audio_tools::MetaDataID3::end()
    [I] AudioPlayer.h : 209 - reset codec
    [D] CodecWAV.h : 314 - virtual void audio_tools::WAVDecoder::end()
    [D] CodecWAV.h : 306 - virtual void audio_tools::WAVDecoder::begin()
    [D] AudioEncoded.h : 329 - virtual bool audio_tools::EncodedAudioOutput::begin()
    [D] AudioEncoded.h : 331 - virtual bool audio_tools::EncodedAudioOutput::begin()
    [D] AudioEncoded.h : 28 - virtual void audio_tools::AudioDecoder::setAudioInfo(audio_tools::AudioInfo)
    [D] CodecWAV.h : 306 - virtual void audio_tools::WAVDecoder::begin()
    [D] AudioPlayer.h : 313 - open selected stream
    [I] MetaDataID3.h : 569 - virtual void audio_tools::MetaDataID3::begin()
    [D] AudioStreams.h : 171 - audio_tools::AudioStreamWrapper::AudioStreamWrapper(Stream&)
    [I] StreamCopy.h : 74 - buffer_size=1024
    [D] AudioPlayer.h : 381 - virtual size_t audio_tools::AudioPlayer::copy()
    [D] StreamCopy.h : 97 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
    [D] AudioEncoded.h : 366 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 1024
    [D] CodecWAV.h : 326 - virtual size_t audio_tools::WAVDecoder::write(const void*, size_t)
    [I] CodecWAV.h : 57 - WAVHeader::write: 1024 -> 44 -> 44
    [I] CodecWAV.h : 63 - WAVHeader::begin: 44
    [I] CodecWAV.h : 219 - WAVHeader sound_pos: 44
    [I] CodecWAV.h : 220 - WAVHeader channels: 2 
    [I] CodecWAV.h : 221 - WAVHeader bits_per_sample: 24
    [I] CodecWAV.h : 222 - WAVHeader sample_rate: 48000
    [I] CodecWAV.h : 223 - WAVHeader format: 1
    [I] CodecWAV.h : 424 - WAV sample_rate: 48000
    [I] CodecWAV.h : 425 - WAV data_length: 64750086
    [I] CodecWAV.h : 426 - WAV is_streamed: 0
    [I] CodecWAV.h : 428 - WAV is_valid: true
    [I] CodecWAV.h : 450 - isValid: true
    [D] AudioPlayer.h : 241 - virtual void audio_tools::AudioPlayer::setAudioInfo(audio_tools::AudioInfo)
    [I] AudioPlayer.h : 242 - sample_rate: 48000
    [I] AudioPlayer.h : 243 - bits_per_sample: 24
    [I] AudioPlayer.h : 244 - channels: 2
    [D] VolumeStream.h : 164 - virtual void audio_tools::VolumeStream::setAudioInfo(audio_tools::AudioInfo)
    [D] AudioStreams.h : 59 - virtual void audio_tools::AudioStream::setAudioInfo(audio_tools::AudioInfo)
    [I] AudioTypes.h : 96 - sample_rate: 48000
    [I] AudioTypes.h : 97 - channels: 2
    [I] AudioTypes.h : 98 - bits_per_sample: 24
    [I] I2SStream.h : 76 - virtual void audio_tools::I2SStream::setAudioInfo(audio_tools::AudioInfo)
    [D] AudioStreams.h : 59 - virtual void audio_tools::AudioStream::setAudioInfo(audio_tools::AudioInfo)
    [I] AudioTypes.h : 96 - sample_rate: 48000
    [I] AudioTypes.h : 97 - channels: 2
    [I] AudioTypes.h : 98 - bits_per_sample: 24
    [I] AudioTypes.h : 95 - Info from I2SStream:
    [I] AudioTypes.h : 96 - sample_rate: 48000
    [I] AudioTypes.h : 97 - channels: 2
    [I] AudioTypes.h : 98 - bits_per_sample: 24
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 90 - rx/tx mode: TX_MODE
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 91 - port_no: 0
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 92 - is_master: Master
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 93 - sample rate: 48000
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 94 - bits per sample: 24
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 95 - number of channels: 2
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 96 - signal_type: Digital
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 98 - i2s_format: I2S_STD_FORMAT
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 100 - auto_clear: true
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 107 - buffer_count:6
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 108 - buffer_size:512
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 111 - pin_mck: 3
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 113 - pin_bck: 27
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 115 - pin_ws: 26
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 117 - pin_data: 25
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 73 - void audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::end()
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 47 - bool audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::begin(audio_tools::I2SConfigESP32)
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 152 - bool audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::begin(audio_tools::I2SConfigESP32, int, int)
    [I] AudioTypes.h : 96 - sample_rate: 48000
    [I] AudioTypes.h : 97 - channels: 2
    [I] AudioTypes.h : 98 - bits_per_sample: 24
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 90 - rx/tx mode: TX_MODE
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 91 - port_no: 0
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 92 - is_master: Master
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 93 - sample rate: 48000
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 94 - bits per sample: 24
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 95 - number of channels: 2
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 96 - signal_type: Digital
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 98 - i2s_format: I2S_STD_FORMAT
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 100 - auto_clear: true
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 107 - buffer_count:6
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 108 - buffer_size:512
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 111 - pin_mck: 3
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 113 - pin_bck: 27
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 115 - pin_ws: 26
    [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 117 - pin_data: 25
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 184 - i2s_driver_install
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 201 - i2s_set_pin
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 212 - i2s_zero_dma_buffer
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 216 - begin - started
    [I] CodecWAV.h : 453 - WAVDecoder writing first sound data
    [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 980
    [I] Fade.h : 111 - fade in 163 frames from volume 0.000000
    [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 980
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 980 -> 980 bytes
    [D] Buffers.h : 263 - void audio_tools::SingleBuffer<T>::resize(int) [with T = unsigned char]
    [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
    [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
    [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
    [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
    [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
    [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
    [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
    [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
    [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
    [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
    [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
    [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
    [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
    [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
    [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
    [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
    [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
    [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
    [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
    [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
    [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
    [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
    [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
    [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
    [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
    [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
    [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
    [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
    [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
    [D] AudioEncoded.h : 382 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 1024 -> 1024
    ==> Available stack: 6004 - heap: 262668
    [I] StreamCopy.h : 145 - StreamCopy::copy 1024 -> 1024 -> 1024 bytes - in 1 hops
    [D] StreamCopy.h : 147 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
    [D] StreamCopy.h : 155 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
    ==> Available stack: 6004 - heap: 262668
    [D] StreamCopy.h : 161 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int] 
    [D] AudioPlayer.h : 381 - virtual size_t audio_tools::AudioPlayer::copy()
    [D] StreamCopy.h : 97 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]  
    Guru Meditation Error: Core  1 panic'ed (InstrFetchProhibited). Exception was unhandled.
    
    Core  1 register dump:
    PC      : 0x00000000  PS      : 0x00060e30  A0      : 0x800d73c4  A1      : 0x3ffc7cf0  
    A2      : 0x00000000  A3      : 0x3ffc2740  A4      : 0x3ffca89c  A5      : 0x0000ff00
    A6      : 0x00ff0000  A7      : 0xff000000  A8      : 0x800d6f6b  A9      : 0x3ffc7cd0  
    A10     : 0x3ffba2b0  A11     : 0x3f40169c  A12     : 0x000000ff  A13     : 0x0000ff00
    A14     : 0x00ff0000  A15     : 0xff000000  SAR     : 0x0000000a  EXCCAUSE: 0x00000014  
    EXCVADDR: 0x00000000  LBEG    : 0x40088909  LEND    : 0x40088919  LCOUNT  : 0xffffffff  
    
    
    Backtrace: 0xfffffffd:0x3ffc7cf0 0x400d73c1:0x3ffc7d30 0x400d743b:0x3ffc7d50 0x400dec49:0x3ffc7d70
    
    
    
    
    ELF file SHA256: 9a5c63ce5bdb1e21
    
    E (7156) esp_core_dump_flash: Core dump flash config is corrupted! CRC=0x7bd5c66f instead of 0x0
    Rebooting...

[pschatzmann]

You need to decode the stacktrace!

[vwwwvwww]

When DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE == 1024*8,

it seems not to have caused the ESP32 to reboot.
It seems to have entered the decoding library:

              [D] StreamCopy.h : 97 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
              [D] AudioEncoded.h : 366 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 6144
              [D] CodecWAV.h : 326 - virtual size_t audio_tools::WAVDecoder::write(const void*, size_t)

However, the sound produced is not music; it is more like intermittent white noise, indicating that the decoding was not successful.
( This is different from when I tested last month. Back then, whenever I tested DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE>1024, it would constantly reboot the ESP32.)

     I] AudioSourceSDFAT.h : 120 - -> selectStream: /33.wav
  [D] AudioPlayer.h : 203 - virtual void audio_tools::AudioPlayer::end()
  [I] AudioEncoded.h : 356 - virtual void audio_tools::EncodedAudioOutput::end()
  [D] CodecWAV.h : 314 - virtual void audio_tools::WAVDecoder::end()
  [I] MetaDataID3.h : 575 - virtual void audio_tools::MetaDataID3::end()
  [I] AudioPlayer.h : 209 - reset codec
  [D] CodecWAV.h : 314 - virtual void audio_tools::WAVDecoder::end()
  [D] CodecWAV.h : 306 - virtual void audio_tools::WAVDecoder::begin()
  [D] AudioEncoded.h : 329 - virtual bool audio_tools::EncodedAudioOutput::begin()
  [D] AudioEncoded.h : 331 - virtual bool audio_tools::EncodedAudioOutput::begin()
  [D] AudioEncoded.h : 28 - virtual void audio_tools::AudioDecoder::setAudioInfo(audio_tools::AudioInfo)
  [D] CodecWAV.h : 306 - virtual void audio_tools::WAVDecoder::begin()
  [D] AudioPlayer.h : 313 - open selected stream
  [I] MetaDataID3.h : 569 - virtual void audio_tools::MetaDataID3::begin()
  [D] AudioStreams.h : 171 - audio_tools::AudioStreamWrapper::AudioStreamWrapper(Stream&)
  [I] StreamCopy.h : 74 - buffer_size=8192
  [D] AudioPlayer.h : 381 - virtual size_t audio_tools::AudioPlayer::copy()
  [D] StreamCopy.h : 97 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
  [D] AudioEncoded.h : 366 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 6144
  [D] CodecWAV.h : 326 - virtual size_t audio_tools::WAVDecoder::write(const void*, size_t)
  [I] CodecWAV.h : 57 - WAVHeader::write: 6144 -> 44 -> 44
  [I] CodecWAV.h : 63 - WAVHeader::begin: 44
  [I] CodecWAV.h : 219 - WAVHeader sound_pos: 44
  [I] CodecWAV.h : 220 - WAVHeader channels: 2 
  [I] CodecWAV.h : 221 - WAVHeader bits_per_sample: 24
  [I] CodecWAV.h : 222 - WAVHeader sample_rate: 48000
  [I] CodecWAV.h : 223 - WAVHeader format: 1
  [I] CodecWAV.h : 424 - WAV sample_rate: 48000
  [I] CodecWAV.h : 425 - WAV data_length: 64750086
  [I] CodecWAV.h : 426 - WAV is_streamed: 0
  [I] CodecWAV.h : 428 - WAV is_valid: true
  [I] CodecWAV.h : 450 - isValid: true
  [D] AudioPlayer.h : 241 - virtual void audio_tools::AudioPlayer::setAudioInfo(audio_tools::AudioInfo)
  [I] AudioPlayer.h : 242 - sample_rate: 48000
  [I] AudioPlayer.h : 243 - bits_per_sample: 24
  [I] AudioPlayer.h : 244 - channels: 2
  [D] VolumeStream.h : 164 - virtual void audio_tools::VolumeStream::setAudioInfo(audio_tools::AudioInfo)
  [D] AudioStreams.h : 59 - virtual void audio_tools::AudioStream::setAudioInfo(audio_tools::AudioInfo)
  [I] AudioTypes.h : 96 - sample_rate: 48000
  [I] AudioTypes.h : 97 - channels: 2
  [I] AudioTypes.h : 98 - bits_per_sample: 24
  [I] I2SStream.h : 76 - virtual void audio_tools::I2SStream::setAudioInfo(audio_tools::AudioInfo)
  [D] AudioStreams.h : 59 - virtual void audio_tools::AudioStream::setAudioInfo(audio_tools::AudioInfo)
  [I] AudioTypes.h : 96 - sample_rate: 48000
  [I] AudioTypes.h : 97 - channels: 2
  [I] AudioTypes.h : 98 - bits_per_sample: 24
  [I] AudioTypes.h : 95 - Info from I2SStream:
  [I] AudioTypes.h : 96 - sample_rate: 48000
  [I] AudioTypes.h : 97 - channels: 2
  [I] AudioTypes.h : 98 - bits_per_sample: 24
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 90 - rx/tx mode: TX_MODE
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 91 - port_no: 0
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 92 - is_master: Master
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 93 - sample rate: 48000
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 94 - bits per sample: 24
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 95 - number of channels: 2
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 96 - signal_type: Digital
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 98 - i2s_format: I2S_STD_FORMAT
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 100 - auto_clear: true
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 107 - buffer_count:6
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 108 - buffer_size:1024
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 111 - pin_mck: 3
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 113 - pin_bck: 27
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 115 - pin_ws: 26
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 117 - pin_data: 25
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 73 - void audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::end()
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 47 - bool audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::begin(audio_tools::I2SConfigESP32)
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 152 - bool audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::begin(audio_tools::I2SConfigESP32, int, int)
  [I] AudioTypes.h : 96 - sample_rate: 48000
  [I] AudioTypes.h : 97 - channels: 2
  [I] AudioTypes.h : 98 - bits_per_sample: 24
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 90 - rx/tx mode: TX_MODE
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 91 - port_no: 0
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 92 - is_master: Master
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 93 - sample rate: 48000
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 94 - bits per sample: 24
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 95 - number of channels: 2
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 96 - signal_type: Digital
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 98 - i2s_format: I2S_STD_FORMAT
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 100 - auto_clear: true
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 107 - buffer_count:6
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 108 - buffer_size:1024
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 111 - pin_mck: 3
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 113 - pin_bck: 27
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 115 - pin_ws: 26
  [I] I2SConfigESP32.h : 117 - pin_data: 25
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 184 - i2s_driver_install
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 201 - i2s_set_pin
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 212 - i2s_zero_dma_buffer
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 216 - begin - started
  [I] CodecWAV.h : 453 - WAVDecoder writing first sound data
  [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 6100
  [I] Fade.h : 111 - fade in 1016 frames from volume 0.000000
  [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 6100
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 6100 -> 6100 bytes
  [D] Buffers.h : 263 - void audio_tools::SingleBuffer<T>::resize(int) [with T = unsigned char]
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
  [D] AudioEncoded.h : 382 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 6144 -> 6144
  ==> Available stack: 5880 - heap: 255496
  [I] StreamCopy.h : 145 - StreamCopy::copy 6144 -> 6144 -> 6144 bytes - in 1 hops
  [D] StreamCopy.h : 147 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
  [D] StreamCopy.h : 155 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
  ==> Available stack: 5880 - heap: 255496
  [D] StreamCopy.h : 161 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
  [D] AudioPlayer.h : 381 - virtual size_t audio_tools::AudioPlayer::copy()
  [D] StreamCopy.h : 97 - size_t audio_tools::StreamCopyT<T>::copy() [with T = unsigned char; size_t = unsigned int]
  [D] AudioEncoded.h : 366 - EncodedAudioOutput::write: 6144
  [D] CodecWAV.h : 326 - virtual size_t audio_tools::WAVDecoder::write(const void*, size_t)
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SStream.h : 94 - I2SStream::write: 8
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 85 - size_t audio_tools::I2SDriverESP32::writeBytes(const void*, size_t)
  [D] I2SESP32.h : 92 - i2s_write 8 -> 8 bytes
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] Buffers.h : 45 - readArray 3 -> 3
  [D] VolumeStream.h : 143 - VolumeStream::write: 8

[pschatzmann]

I can't reproduce any of your issues: my example is playing just fine w/o any changes to the configuration!

I think you just forgot to set the logger to some reasonable setting...

[pschatzmann]

Actually, I tried it with the player and I can hear what you mean. It seems that the volume calculation for 24 bit is taking too long!
You can activate the PREFER_FIXEDPOINT in the AudioConfig.
This should resolve the issue.

Maybe we should extend the AudioPlayer to make the volume control optional...

[pschatzmann]

With my latest correction, the default setting in the player also prevents that the volume needs to do any processing...

[vwwwvwww]

I succeeded. The sound is very beautiful. thank you.

Speed of the SD card is very important. I guess the reason why the ESP32 rebooting  when DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024  
is because the  SD speed is too slow.
time and space determine whether it can be played normally 
(  if  at  AudioKitSettings.h      #define AUDIOKIT_ESP32_I2S     0  , The response speed will be even faster.")


#define PREFER_FIXEDPOINT  

and set  DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024  or  DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024*10

Can play 24bit/48k WAV files.

we can only play 24bit/48k at the moment. Playback of 24bit/96k and 24bit/192k WAV files has failed

[E] AudioKit.h : 133 - Sample Rate not supported: 96000 - using 48000

[pschatzmann]

https://github.com/pschatzmann/arduino-audiokit/wiki/Supported-Sampling-Rates