rust: sync: require T: Sync for LockedBy::access

The `LockedBy::access` method only requires a shared reference to the
owner, so if we have shared access to the `LockedBy` from several
threads at once, then two threads could call `access` in parallel and
both obtain a shared reference to the inner value. Thus, require that
`T: Sync` when calling the `access` method.

An alternative is to require `T: Sync` in the `impl Sync for LockedBy`.
This patch does not choose that approach as it gives up the ability to
use `LockedBy` with `!Sync` types, which is okay as long as you only use
`access_mut`.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 7b1f55e ("rust: sync: introduce `LockedBy`")
Signed-off-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Suggested-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240915-locked-by-sync-fix-v2-1-1a8d89710392@google.com
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>

Author: Darksonn

rust/kernel/sync/locked_by.rs

@@ -83,8 +83,12 @@ pub struct LockedBy<T: ?Sized, U: ?Sized> {
 // SAFETY: `LockedBy` can be transferred across thread boundaries iff the data it protects can.
 unsafe impl<T: ?Sized + Send, U: ?Sized> Send for LockedBy<T, U> {}
 
-// SAFETY: `LockedBy` serialises the interior mutability it provides, so it is `Sync` as long as the
-// data it protects is `Send`.
+// SAFETY: If `T` is not `Sync`, then parallel shared access to this `LockedBy` allows you to use
+// `access_mut` to hand out `&mut T` on one thread at the time. The requirement that `T: Send` is
+// sufficient to allow that.
+//
+// If `T` is `Sync`, then the `access` method also becomes available, which allows you to obtain
+// several `&T` from several threads at once. However, this is okay as `T` is `Sync`.
 unsafe impl<T: ?Sized + Send, U: ?Sized> Sync for LockedBy<T, U> {}
 
 impl<T, U> LockedBy<T, U> {
@@ -118,7 +122,10 @@ impl<T: ?Sized, U> LockedBy<T, U> {
     ///
     /// Panics if `owner` is different from the data protected by the lock used in
     /// [`new`](LockedBy::new).
-    pub fn access<'a>(&'a self, owner: &'a U) -> &'a T {
+    pub fn access<'a>(&'a self, owner: &'a U) -> &'a T
+    where
+        T: Sync,
+    {
         build_assert!(
             size_of::<U>() > 0,
             "`U` cannot be a ZST because `owner` wouldn't be unique"
@@ -127,7 +134,10 @@ impl<T: ?Sized, U> LockedBy<T, U> {
             panic!("mismatched owners");
         }
 
-        // SAFETY: `owner` is evidence that the owner is locked.
+        // SAFETY: `owner` is evidence that there are only shared references to the owner for the
+        // duration of 'a, so it's not possible to use `Self::access_mut` to obtain a mutable
+        // reference to the inner value that aliases with this shared reference. The type is `Sync`
+        // so there are no other requirements.
         unsafe { &*self.data.get() }
     }