Make late gc lower handle insertelement of alloca use. (JuliaLang#58637)

This was in DAECompiler.jl code found by @serenity4. He also mentioned
that writing up how one might go and fix a bug like this so i'll give a
quick writeup (this was a very simple bug so it might not be too
interesting)

The original crash which looked something like
>   %19 = alloca [10 x i64], align 8
  %155 = insertelement <4 x ptr> poison, ptr %19, i32 0
Unexpected instruction
> [898844] signal 6 (-6): Aborted
in expression starting at
/home/gbaraldi/DAECompiler.jl/test/reflection.jl:28
pthread_kill at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (unknown line)
gsignal at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (unknown line)
abort at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (unknown line)
RecursivelyVisit<llvm::IntrinsicInst,
LateLowerGCFrame::PlaceRootsAndUpdateCalls(llvm::ArrayRef<int>, int,
State&, std::map<llvm::Value*, std::pair<int, int>
>)::<lambda(llvm::AllocaInst*&)>::<lambda(llvm::Use&)> > at
/home/gbaraldi/julia4/src/llvm-late-gc-lowering.cpp:803
operator() at /home/gbaraldi/julia4/src/llvm-late-gc-lowering.cpp:2560
[inlined]
PlaceRootsAndUpdateCalls at
/home/gbaraldi/julia4/src/llvm-late-gc-lowering.cpp:2576
runOnFunction at
/home/gbaraldi/julia4/src/llvm-late-gc-lowering.cpp:2638
run at /home/gbaraldi/julia4/src/llvm-late-gc-lowering.cpp:2675
run at
/home/gbaraldi/julia4/usr/include/llvm/IR/PassManagerInternal.h:91

which means it was crashing inside of late-gc-lowering, so the first
thing I did was ran julia and the same test with LLVM_ASSERTIONS=1 and
FORCE_ASSERTIONS=1 to see if LLVM complained about a malformed module,
and both were fine. Next step was trying to get the failing code out for
inspection.
Easiest way is to do `export
JULIA_LLVM_ARGS="--print-before=LateLowerGCFrame --print-module-scope"`
and pipe the output to a file.
The file is huge, but since it's a crash in LLVM we know that the last
thing is what we want, and that gave me the IR I wanted.
To verify that this is failing I did `make -C src install-analysis-deps`
to install the LLVM machinery (opt...). That gets put in the `tools`
directory of a julia build. Then I checked if this crashed outside of
julia by doing
`./opt -load-pass-plugin=../lib/libjulia-codegen.dylib
--passes=LateLowerGCFrame -S test.ll -o tmp3.ll `. This is run from
inside the tools dir so your paths might vary (the -S is so LLVM doesn't
generate bitcode) and my code did crash, however it was over 500 lines
of IR which makes it harder to debug and to write a test.

Next step then is to minimize the crash by doing
[`llvm-reduce`](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-reduce.html)
over it (it's basically creduce but optimized for LLVM IR) which gave me
a 2 line reproducer (in this case apparently just having the
insertelement was enough for the pass to fail). One thing to be wary is
that llvm-reduce will usually make very weird code, so it might be
useful to modify the code slightly so it doesn't look odd (it will have
unreachable basic-blocks and such).
After the cleanup fixing the bug here wasn't interesting but this
doesn't apply generally. And also always transform your reduced IR into
a test to put in llvmpasses.

Author: gbaraldi

src/llvm-late-gc-lowering.cpp

@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ void RecursivelyVisit(callback f, Value *V) {
         if (isa<CallInst>(TheUser) || isa<LoadInst>(TheUser) ||
             isa<SelectInst>(TheUser) || isa<PHINode>(TheUser) || // TODO: should these be removed from this list?
             isa<StoreInst>(TheUser) || isa<PtrToIntInst>(TheUser) ||
-            isa<ICmpInst>(TheUser) || // ICmpEQ/ICmpNE can be used with ptr types
+            isa<ICmpInst>(TheUser) || isa<InsertElementInst>(TheUser)|| // ICmpEQ/ICmpNE can be used with ptr types
             isa<AtomicCmpXchgInst>(TheUser) || isa<AtomicRMWInst>(TheUser))
             continue;
         if (isa<GetElementPtrInst>(TheUser) || isa<BitCastInst>(TheUser) || isa<AddrSpaceCastInst>(TheUser)) {

test/llvmpasses/late-lower-gc.ll

@@ -199,6 +199,20 @@ define void @decayar([2 x {} addrspace(10)* addrspace(11)*] %ar) {
 ; CHECK: %r = call i32 @callee_root(ptr addrspace(10) %l0, ptr addrspace(10) %l1)
 ; CHECK: call void @julia.pop_gc_frame(ptr %gcframe)
 
+define swiftcc ptr addrspace(10) @insert_element(ptr swiftself %0) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @insert_element
+  %2 = alloca [10 x i64], i32 1, align 8
+; CHECK: %gcframe = call ptr @julia.new_gc_frame(i32 10)
+; CHECK: [[gc_slot_addr_:%.*]] = call ptr @julia.get_gc_frame_slot(ptr %gcframe, i32 0)
+; CHECK: call void @julia.push_gc_frame(ptr %gcframe, i32 10)
+  call void null(ptr sret([2 x [5 x ptr addrspace(10)]]) %2, ptr null, ptr addrspace(11) null, ptr null)
+  %4 = insertelement <4 x ptr> zeroinitializer, ptr %2, i32 0
+; CHECK: [[gc_slot_addr_:%.*]] = insertelement <4 x ptr> zeroinitializer, ptr [[gc_slot_addr_:%.*]], i32 0
+; CHECK: call void @julia.pop_gc_frame(ptr %gcframe)
+  ret ptr addrspace(10) null
+}
+
+
 !0 = !{i64 0, i64 23}
 !1 = !{!1}
 !2 = !{!7} ; scope list