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db/databaseintro.md

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+### Attribute management in general
+
+GRASS can be linked to one or many database management systems (DBMS).
+The *db.\** set of commands provides basic SQL support for attribute
+management, while the *v.db.\** set of commands operates on the vector
+map (see [Vector introduction](vectorintro.md)).
+
+### Available drivers
+
+Available drivers are listed in [SQL support in GRASS GIS](sql.md).
+
+**Notes**:
+The DBF driver provides only very limited SQL support (as DBF is not an
+SQL DB) while the other DBMS backends (such as SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL
+etc) provide full SQL support since the SQL commands are sent directly
+to the DBMS. For this reason, the SQLite driver is the default DBMI
+backend.
+
+### DB connection management
+
+The current database management settings are shown or modified with
+[db.connect](db.connect.md) for current mapset. Available DBMI drivers
+are listed with [db.drivers](db.drivers.md). Some DBMI backends require
+a user/password for driver/database to be set with
+[db.login](db.login.md). In order to test a driver, run
+[db.test](db.test.md).
+
+### Attribute data import and export
+
+Attribute data can be imported with [db.in.ogr](db.in.ogr.md) from
+various formats and exported with [db.out.ogr](db.out.ogr.md). To
+internally copy a a full table or selectively parts of it, use
+[db.copy](db.copy.md).
+
+Further conversion tools:
+
+- [MDB Tools](https://github.com/mdbtools/mdbtools): Convert MS-Access
+  data to SQL, DBF, etc.
+- [Using OpenOffice.org with SQL
+  Databases](https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Openoffice.org_with_SQL_Databases)
+
+### SQL commands
+
+GRASS supports two main SQL operations, execution of an SQL statement
+([db.execute](db.execute.md)) and selection of data from a table
+([db.select](db.select.md)). See the [SQL help page](sql.md) for
+examples.
+
+### Managing the default DBMI settings
+
+Per default vector map attributes are stored in SQLite tables. This
+default definition can be modified with [db.connect](db.connect.md). If
+an external DBMS is used, [db.login](db.login.md) may be required.
+
+### Creating a database
+
+Specific commands are explained on the individual driver pages (these
+pages are only available if driver was compiled in this installation):
+
+- DBF: see [DBF](grass-dbf.md) page
+- SQLite: [SQLite](grass-sqlite.md) page
+- mySQL: [mySQL](grass-mysql.md) and [meSQL](grass-mesql.md) pages
+- ODBC: [ODBC](grass-odbc.md) page (connect to Oracle, etc.)
+- PostgreSQL: [PostgreSQL](grass-pg.md) and PostGIS page
+
+### Metadata
+
+All columns for a given table are listed with
+[db.columns](db.columns.md). The command [db.describe](db.describe.md)
+describes a table in detail. To list all available tables for a given
+database, run [db.tables](db.tables.md).
+
+### Table maintenance
+
+To drop a column from a selected attribute table, use
+[db.dropcolumn](db.dropcolumn.md). With [db.droptable](db.droptable.md)
+an attribute table can be deleted.
+
+### Database Schema
+
+Currently schema support only works for PostgreSQL connections. Default
+schema can be set with [db.connect](db.connect.md). Note that the
+default schema will be used by all db.\* modules.
+
+[db.tables](db.tables.md) returns 'schema.table' if schemas are
+available in the database.
+
+### Migrating to a different database engine
+
+To migrate a GRASS database table (or a GRASS vector map) to a different
+DBMI engine, the best solution is to create a new MAPSET, define the
+DBMI settings accordingly with [db.connect](db.connect.md) and if
+needed, [db.login](db.login.md). Then the table of interest can be
+copied over with [db.copy](db.copy.md) from the original MAPSET.
+Likewise, a vector map including its table(s) are copied from the
+original MAPSET to the current MAPSET with [g.copy](g.copy.md).
+
+### See also
+
+- [Introduction into raster data processing](rasterintro.md)
+- [Introduction into 3D raster data (voxel)
+  processing](raster3dintro.md)
+- [Introduction into vector data processing](vectorintro.md)
+- [Introduction into image processing](imageryintro.md)
+- [Introduction into temporal data processing](temporalintro.md)
+- [Projections and spatial transformations](projectionintro.md)
+- [Graphical User Interface](wxguiintro.md)

db/db.columns/db.columns.md

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+## DESCRIPTION
+
+*db.columns* lists all columns for a give table. Connection to databases
+are supported through dbf, shp, odbc and pg drivers.
+
+## NOTE
+
+If parameters for database connection are already set with
+[db.connect](db.connect.md), they are taken as default values and do not
+need to be spcified each time.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+### List columns of a PostgreSQL attribute table
+
+```bash
+db.columns table=zipcodes_wake driver=pg database=grassdb
+```
+
+*If the database parameters are already set, the columns can be listed
+directly*
+
+```bash
+db.columns table=zipcodes_wake
+```
+
+### List columns from Shape file with DBF attribute table
+
+```bash
+db.columns table=zipcodes_wake driver=dbf database=/grassdata/nc_spm_08/PERMANENT/dbf/
+```
+
+### List columns of table in SQLite database
+
+Note that the SQLite backend is the default setting.
+
+```bash
+db.columns driver=sqlite table=archsites database='$GISDBASE/$LOCATION_NAME/$MAPSET/sqlite/sqlite.db'
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+
+*[db.connect](db.connect.md), [db.describe](db.describe.md),
+[db.drivers](db.drivers.md), [db.droptable](db.droptable.md),
+[db.execute](db.execute.md), [db.login](db.login.md),
+[db.tables](db.tables.md), [GRASS SQL interface](sql.md)*
+
+[GRASS SQL interface](sql.md)
+
+## AUTHOR
+
+Radim Blazek, ITC-Irst, Trento, Italy

db/db.connect/db.connect.md

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+## DESCRIPTION
+
+*db.connect* allows the user to set database connection parameters.
+These parameters are then taken as default values by modules so that the
+user does not need to enter the parameters each time.
+
+The default database backend in GRASS GIS is [SQLite](grass-sqlite.md)
+(since version 7).
+
+## NOTES
+
+Values are stored in the mapset's `VAR` file; the connection is not
+tested for validity.
+
+The **-p** flag will display the current connection parameters.
+
+The **-c** flag will silently check if the connection parameters have
+been set, and if not will set them to use GRASS's default values.
+(useful in scripts before you attempt to create a new database table)
+
+To connect a vector map to a database table, use
+*[v.db.connect](v.db.connect.md)* or
+*[v.db.addtable](v.db.addtable.md)*.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+### SQLite (default backend)
+
+Local storage:
+
+```bash
+db.connect -d
+db.connect -p
+db.tables -p
+```
+
+The SQLite database file is created automatically when used the first
+time.
+
+See [SQLite](grass-sqlite.md) database driver for details.
+
+### PostgreSQL (local connection)
+
+Local storage, database tables stored in database "mydb" (may require
+the use of *[db.login](db.login.md)*):
+
+```bash
+db.connect driver=pg database=mydb
+db.login user=myname pass=secret
+db.connect -p
+db.tables -p
+```
+
+See [PostgreSQL](grass-pg.md) database driver for details.
+
+### PostgreSQL (network connection)
+
+Network storage, database tables stored in database "mydb" (may require
+the use of *[db.login](db.login.md)*):
+
+```bash
+db.connect driver=pg database=mydb
+db.login user=myname pass=secret host=myserver.com port=6666
+db.connect -p
+db.tables -p
+```
+
+See [PostgreSQL](grass-pg.md) database driver for details.
+
+### MySQL (local connection)
+
+Local storage, database tables stored in database "mydb" (may require
+the use of *[db.login](db.login.md)*):
+
+```bash
+db.connect driver=mysql database=mydb
+db.login user=myname pass=secret
+db.connect -p
+db.tables -p
+```
+
+See [MySQL](grass-mysql.md) database driver for details.
+
+### MySQL (network connection)
+
+Network storage, database tables stored in database "mydb" (may require
+the use of *[db.login](db.login.md)*):
+
+```bash
+db.connect driver=mysql database=mydb
+db.login user=myname pass=secret host=myserver.com
+db.connect -p
+db.tables -p
+```
+
+See [MySQL](grass-mysql.md) database driver for details.
+
+### ODBC
+
+Network storage, database tables stored in database "mydb" (may require
+the use of *[db.login](db.login.md)*):
+
+```bash
+db.connect driver=odbc database=mydb
+db.login user=myname pass=secret
+db.connect -p
+db.tables -p
+```
+
+See [ODBC](grass-odbc.md) database driver for details.
+
+### DBF (local, not recommended)
+
+Local storage (the dbf/ subdirectory in the mapset must exist or must be
+created by the user):
+
+```bash
+db.connect driver=dbf database='$GISDBASE/$LOCATION_NAME/$MAPSET/dbf/'
+db.tables -p
+```
+
+See [DBF](grass-dbf.md) database driver for details.
+
+## SEE ALSO
+
+*[db.columns](db.columns.md), [db.copy](db.copy.md),
+[db.drivers](db.drivers.md), [db.login](db.login.md),
+[db.tables](db.tables.md), [v.db.addtable](v.db.addtable.md),
+[v.db.connect](v.db.connect.md)*
+
+[GRASS SQL interface](sql.md)
+
+## AUTHORS
+
+Main author: Radim Blazek, ITC-Irst, Trento, Italy
+GRASS 7 improvements: Martin Landa, Markus Metz

db/db.copy/db.copy.md

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+## DESCRIPTION
+
+*db.copy* allows the user to copy a table between two databases.
+Databases can be connected through different drivers (see examples
+below).
+
+## NOTES
+
+Attribute tables can be copied using *db.copy* and, when to be
+associated to a vector map, assigned to the map with
+*[v.db.connect](v.db.connect.md)*. Current connection settings are saved
+in the file *\$LOCATION/vector_map/dbln*.
+
+## EXAMPLES
+
+### From DBF to PostgreSQL
+
+*Storing table 'geonames.dbf' (in current directory) into PostgreSQL
+through ODBC:*
+
+```bash
+db.copy from_driver=dbf from_database='$GISDBASE/$LOCATION_NAME/PERMANENT/dbf' \
+  from_table=geonames to_driver=pg to_database="host=pgserver,dbname=testdb" \
+  to_table=geonames
+```
+
+### From PostgreSQL to DBF
+
+```bash
+db.copy from_driver=pg  from_database="host=pgserver.example.org,dbname=testdb" \
+  from_table=origtable to_driver=dbf \
+  to_database='$GISDBASE/$LOCATION_NAME/$MAPSET/dbf' to_table=origtable
+```
+
+### From PostgreSQL to PostgreSQL with condition
+
+```bash
+db.copy from_driver=pg  from_database="host=localhost,dbname=testdb" \
+  from_table=geonames to_driver=pg to_database="host=localhost,dbname=testdb" \
+  to_table=selection where="cat < 500"
+```
+
+### From DBF to SQLite
+
+```bash
+db.copy from_driver=dbf from_database='$GISDBASE/$LOCATION_NAME/PERMANENT/dbf' \
+   from_table=geonames_features to_driver=sqlite \
+   to_database='$GISDBASE/$LOCATION_NAME/$MAPSET/sqlite/sqlite.db' to_table=geonames_features
+
+# convenient viewer:
+sqlitebrowser $HOME/grassdata/nc_spm_08/user1/sqlite/sqlite.db
+```
+
+### From SQLite to DBF
+
+```bash
+db.copy from_driver=sqlite from_database='$GISDBASE/$LOCATION_NAME/$MAPSET/sqlite/sqlite.db' \
+   from_table=ammprv to_driver=dbf to_database='$GISDBASE/$LOCATION_NAME/$MAPSET/dbf/' \
+   to_table=ammprv
+```
+
+## SEE ALSO
+
+*[db.connect](db.connect.md), [db.drivers](db.drivers.md),
+[db.login](db.login.md), [v.db.connect](v.db.connect.md),
+[v.clean](v.clean.md)*
+
+[GRASS SQL interface](sql.md)
+
+## AUTHOR
+
+Radim Blazek, ITC-irst, Trento, Italy