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Authorization Support (Using ASP.NET Core Native AuthN/AuthZ Integration) (#377)
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‎Directory.Packages.props

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<!-- Product dependencies LTS -->
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<ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'net8.0'">
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<PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer" Version="8.0.15" />
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<PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Abstractions" Version="8.0.1" />
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<PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions" Version="8.0.3" />
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<PackageVersion Include="System.IO.Pipelines" Version="8.0.0" />
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</ItemGroup>
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<!-- Product dependencies .NET 9 -->
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<ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'net9.0'">
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<PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer" Version="$(System9Version)" />
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<PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens" Version="8.9.0" />
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<PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Abstractions" Version="$(System9Version)" />
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<PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions" Version="$(System9Version)" />
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<PackageVersion Include="System.IO.Pipelines" Version="$(System9Version)" />

‎ModelContextProtocol.slnx

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<Project Path="samples/AspNetCoreSseServer/AspNetCoreSseServer.csproj" />
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<Project Path="samples/ChatWithTools/ChatWithTools.csproj" />
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<Project Path="samples/EverythingServer/EverythingServer.csproj" />
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<Project Path="samples/ProtectedMCPClient/ProtectedMCPClient.csproj" />
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<Project Path="samples/ProtectedMCPServer/ProtectedMCPServer.csproj" />
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<Project Path="samples/QuickstartClient/QuickstartClient.csproj" />
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<Project Path="samples/QuickstartWeatherServer/QuickstartWeatherServer.csproj" />
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<Project Path="samples/TestServerWithHosting/TestServerWithHosting.csproj" />
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</Folder>
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<Folder Name="/tests/">
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<Project Path="tests/ModelContextProtocol.AspNetCore.Tests/ModelContextProtocol.AspNetCore.Tests.csproj" />
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<Project Path="tests/ModelContextProtocol.TestOAuthServer/ModelContextProtocol.TestOAuthServer.csproj" />
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<Project Path="tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests.csproj" />
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<Project Path="tests/ModelContextProtocol.TestServer/ModelContextProtocol.TestServer.csproj" />
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<Project Path="tests/ModelContextProtocol.TestSseServer/ModelContextProtocol.TestSseServer.csproj" />

‎samples/ProtectedMCPClient/Program.cs

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using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
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using ModelContextProtocol.Client;
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using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol;
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using System.Diagnostics;
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using System.Net;
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using System.Text;
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using System.Web;
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var serverUrl = "http://localhost:7071/";
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Console.WriteLine("Protected MCP Client");
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Console.WriteLine($"Connecting to weather server at {serverUrl}...");
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Console.WriteLine();
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// We can customize a shared HttpClient with a custom handler if desired
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var sharedHandler = new SocketsHttpHandler
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{
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PooledConnectionLifetime = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(2),
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PooledConnectionIdleTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1)
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};
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var httpClient = new HttpClient(sharedHandler);
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var consoleLoggerFactory = LoggerFactory.Create(builder =>
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{
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builder.AddConsole();
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});
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var transport = new SseClientTransport(new()
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{
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Endpoint = new Uri(serverUrl),
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Name = "Secure Weather Client",
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OAuth = new()
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{
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ClientName = "ProtectedMcpClient",
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RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
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AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
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}
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}, httpClient, consoleLoggerFactory);
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var client = await McpClientFactory.CreateAsync(transport, loggerFactory: consoleLoggerFactory);
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var tools = await client.ListToolsAsync();
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if (tools.Count == 0)
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{
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Console.WriteLine("No tools available on the server.");
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return;
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}
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Console.WriteLine($"Found {tools.Count} tools on the server.");
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Console.WriteLine();
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if (tools.Any(t => t.Name == "get_alerts"))
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{
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Console.WriteLine("Calling get_alerts tool...");
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var result = await client.CallToolAsync(
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"get_alerts",
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new Dictionary<string, object?> { { "state", "WA" } }
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);
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Console.WriteLine("Result: " + ((TextContentBlock)result.Content[0]).Text);
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Console.WriteLine();
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}
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/// Handles the OAuth authorization URL by starting a local HTTP server and opening a browser.
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/// This implementation demonstrates how SDK consumers can provide their own authorization flow.
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="authorizationUrl">The authorization URL to open in the browser.</param>
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/// <param name="redirectUri">The redirect URI where the authorization code will be sent.</param>
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/// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
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/// <returns>The authorization code extracted from the callback, or null if the operation failed.</returns>
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static async Task<string?> HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync(Uri authorizationUrl, Uri redirectUri, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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Console.WriteLine("Starting OAuth authorization flow...");
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Console.WriteLine($"Opening browser to: {authorizationUrl}");
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var listenerPrefix = redirectUri.GetLeftPart(UriPartial.Authority);
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if (!listenerPrefix.EndsWith("/")) listenerPrefix += "/";
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using var listener = new HttpListener();
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listener.Prefixes.Add(listenerPrefix);
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try
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{
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listener.Start();
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Console.WriteLine($"Listening for OAuth callback on: {listenerPrefix}");
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OpenBrowser(authorizationUrl);
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var context = await listener.GetContextAsync();
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var query = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(context.Request.Url?.Query ?? string.Empty);
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var code = query["code"];
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var error = query["error"];
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string responseHtml = "<html><body><h1>Authentication complete</h1><p>You can close this window now.</p></body></html>";
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byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(responseHtml);
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context.Response.ContentLength64 = buffer.Length;
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context.Response.ContentType = "text/html";
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context.Response.OutputStream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
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context.Response.Close();
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if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(error))
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{
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Console.WriteLine($"Auth error: {error}");
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return null;
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}
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if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(code))
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{
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Console.WriteLine("No authorization code received");
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return null;
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}
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Console.WriteLine("Authorization code received successfully.");
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return code;
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}
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catch (Exception ex)
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{
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Console.WriteLine($"Error getting auth code: {ex.Message}");
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return null;
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}
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finally
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{
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if (listener.IsListening) listener.Stop();
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Opens the specified URL in the default browser.
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="url">The URL to open.</param>
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static void OpenBrowser(Uri url)
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{
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try
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{
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var psi = new ProcessStartInfo
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{
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FileName = url.ToString(),
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UseShellExecute = true
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};
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Process.Start(psi);
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}
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catch (Exception ex)
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{
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Console.WriteLine($"Error opening browser. {ex.Message}");
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Console.WriteLine($"Please manually open this URL: {url}");
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}
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}

‎samples/ProtectedMCPClient/ProtectedMCPClient.csproj

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<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
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<PropertyGroup>
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<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
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<TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
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<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
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<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\ModelContextProtocol.Core\ModelContextProtocol.Core.csproj" />
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</ItemGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console" />
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</ItemGroup>
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</Project>

‎samples/ProtectedMCPClient/README.md

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# Protected MCP Client Sample
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This sample demonstrates how to create an MCP client that connects to a protected MCP server using OAuth 2.0 authentication. The client implements a custom OAuth authorization flow with browser-based authentication.
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## Overview
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The Protected MCP Client sample shows how to:
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- Connect to an OAuth-protected MCP server
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- Handle OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow
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- Use custom authorization redirect handling
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- Call protected MCP tools with authentication
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## Prerequisites
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- .NET 9.0 or later
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- A running TestOAuthServer (for OAuth authentication)
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- A running ProtectedMCPServer (for MCP services)
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## Setup and Running
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### Step 1: Start the Test OAuth Server
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First, you need to start the TestOAuthServer which provides OAuth authentication:
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```bash
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cd tests\ModelContextProtocol.TestOAuthServer
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dotnet run --framework net9.0
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```
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The OAuth server will start at `https://localhost:7029`
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### Step 2: Start the Protected MCP Server
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Next, start the ProtectedMCPServer which provides the weather tools:
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```bash
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cd samples\ProtectedMCPServer
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dotnet run
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```
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The protected server will start at `http://localhost:7071`
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### Step 3: Run the Protected MCP Client
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Finally, run this client:
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```bash
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cd samples\ProtectedMCPClient
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dotnet run
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```
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## What Happens
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1. The client attempts to connect to the protected MCP server at `http://localhost:7071`
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2. The server responds with OAuth metadata indicating authentication is required
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3. The client initiates OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow:
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- Opens a browser to the authorization URL at the OAuth server
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- Starts a local HTTP listener on `http://localhost:1179/callback` to receive the authorization code
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- Exchanges the authorization code for an access token
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4. The client uses the access token to authenticate with the MCP server
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5. The client lists available tools and calls the `GetAlerts` tool for Washington state
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## OAuth Configuration
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The client is configured with:
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- **Client ID**: `demo-client`
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- **Client Secret**: `demo-secret`
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- **Redirect URI**: `http://localhost:1179/callback`
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- **OAuth Server**: `https://localhost:7029`
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- **Protected Resource**: `http://localhost:7071`
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## Available Tools
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Once authenticated, the client can access weather tools including:
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- **GetAlerts**: Get weather alerts for a US state
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- **GetForecast**: Get weather forecast for a location (latitude/longitude)
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## Troubleshooting
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- Ensure the ASP.NET Core dev certificate is trusted.
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```
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dotnet dev-certs https --clean
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dotnet dev-certs https --trust
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```
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- Ensure all three services are running in the correct order
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- Check that ports 7029, 7071, and 1179 are available
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- If the browser doesn't open automatically, copy the authorization URL from the console and open it manually
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- Make sure to allow the OAuth server's self-signed certificate in your browser
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## Key Files
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- `Program.cs`: Main client application with OAuth flow implementation
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- `ProtectedMCPClient.csproj`: Project file with dependencies

‎samples/ProtectedMCPServer/Program.cs

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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
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using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
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using ModelContextProtocol.AspNetCore.Authentication;
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using ProtectedMCPServer.Tools;
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using System.Net.Http.Headers;
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using System.Security.Claims;
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var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
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var serverUrl = "http://localhost:7071/";
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var inMemoryOAuthServerUrl = "https://localhost:7029";
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builder.Services.AddAuthentication(options =>
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{
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options.DefaultChallengeScheme = McpAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
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options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
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})
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.AddJwtBearer(options =>
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{
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// Configure to validate tokens from our in-memory OAuth server
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options.Authority = inMemoryOAuthServerUrl;
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options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
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{
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ValidateIssuer = true,
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ValidateAudience = true,
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ValidateLifetime = true,
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ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
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ValidAudience = serverUrl, // Validate that the audience matches the resource metadata as suggested in RFC 8707
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ValidIssuer = inMemoryOAuthServerUrl,
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NameClaimType = "name",
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RoleClaimType = "roles"
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};
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options.Events = new JwtBearerEvents
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{
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OnTokenValidated = context =>
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{
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var name = context.Principal?.Identity?.Name ?? "unknown";
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var email = context.Principal?.FindFirstValue("preferred_username") ?? "unknown";
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Console.WriteLine($"Token validated for: {name} ({email})");
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return Task.CompletedTask;
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},
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OnAuthenticationFailed = context =>
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{
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Console.WriteLine($"Authentication failed: {context.Exception.Message}");
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return Task.CompletedTask;
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},
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OnChallenge = context =>
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{
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Console.WriteLine($"Challenging client to authenticate with Entra ID");
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return Task.CompletedTask;
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}
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};
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})
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.AddMcp(options =>
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{
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options.ResourceMetadata = new()
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{
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Resource = new Uri(serverUrl),
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ResourceDocumentation = new Uri("https://docs.example.com/api/weather"),
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AuthorizationServers = { new Uri(inMemoryOAuthServerUrl) },
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ScopesSupported = ["mcp:tools"],
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};
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});
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builder.Services.AddAuthorization();
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builder.Services.AddHttpContextAccessor();
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builder.Services.AddMcpServer()
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.WithTools<WeatherTools>()
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.WithHttpTransport();
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// Configure HttpClientFactory for weather.gov API
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builder.Services.AddHttpClient("WeatherApi", client =>
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{
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client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://api.weather.gov");
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client.DefaultRequestHeaders.UserAgent.Add(new ProductInfoHeaderValue("weather-tool", "1.0"));
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});
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var app = builder.Build();
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app.UseAuthentication();
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app.UseAuthorization();
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// Use the default MCP policy name that we've configured
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app.MapMcp().RequireAuthorization();
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Console.WriteLine($"Starting MCP server with authorization at {serverUrl}");
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Console.WriteLine($"Using in-memory OAuth server at {inMemoryOAuthServerUrl}");
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Console.WriteLine($"Protected Resource Metadata URL: {serverUrl}.well-known/oauth-protected-resource");
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Console.WriteLine("Press Ctrl+C to stop the server");
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app.Run(serverUrl);

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