Access and store component options on admin side

[counterpoint]

How should the component options be accessed on the admin side? On the user side, the application object (from Factory::getApplication) has a getParams method. But the administrator application object doesn't seem to have such a method.

Also, if the object obtained from the equivalent of getParams is modified, is there a method to store the modified version?

And what is the environment when the install script is running in these respects?