ERROR JOIN STM32WL ChirpStack RADIOLIB_ERR_NO_JOIN_ACCEPT

[jpayalateva]

Hi everyone,

I am having issues with the JOIN process using the STM32WL chip and the RadioLib library. My network server is ChirpStack, which correctly registers the JoinAccept, but the library seems not to listen to the response and returns the error RADIOLIB_ERR_NO_JOIN_ACCEPT.

I have verified that the JoinRequest is sent correctly and that the JoinAccept is received by ChirpStack, but the device does not seem to process this response. Has anyone had a similar problem or knows how to solve it?

Thanks in advance for your help.

[LORA] [STM32WL] Initializing ... 
[LORA] radio.begin(868.0)
[LORA] success!
[LORA] setPacketReceivedAction
[LORA] beginOTAA LoRaWAN 1.0.4
joinEUI: 00000001e 
DevUid: 4233501820613199 
nwkKey: 6EADBFD6D9114FD5A6411EFFFFFFFFFF
appKey: 2B7E151628AED2A6ABF7158FFFFFFFFF
[LORA] success!
Join LoRaWAN Network joinEUI: 00000001f 
[4.438644] RLB_PRO: Setting up dynamic channels
[4.442205] RLB_PRO: UL:   0 1  (0 - 5) | DL:   0 1  (0 - 5)
_[4.447686] RLB_PRO: UL:   1 1  (0 - 5) | DL:   1 1  (0 - 5)
_[4.454468] RLB_PRO: UL:   2 1  (0 - 5) | DL:   2 1  (0 - 5)
_[4.457443] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x03
[4.460336] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 30                                               0                 
[4.471234] RLB_PRO: LinkAdrReq: dataRate = 3, txSteps = 0, nbTrans = 0
[4.477083] RLB_PRO: LinkAdrAns: 07
[4.480661] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x04
[4.482599] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 07                                               .                 
[4.493576] RLB_PRO: DutyCycleReq: max duty cycle = 1/2^7
[4.499151] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x05
[4.499484] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 00 d2 ad 84                                      ....              
[4.510353] RLB_PRO: RXParamSetupReq: Rx1DrOffset = 0, rx2DataRate = 0, freq = 
[4.516470] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x08
[4.516670] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 01                                               .                 
[4.527097] RLB_PRO: RXTimingSetupReq: delay = 1 sec
[4.532672] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x09
[4.532893] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 05                                               .                 
[4.543862] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x0c
[4.544085] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 65                                               e                 
[4.555031] RLB_PRO: ADRParamSetupReq: limitExp = 6, delayExp = 5
[4.560698] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x0f
[4.560906] RLB_PRO: 00000000: fa                                               .                 
[4.571789] RLB_PRO: RejoinParamSetupReq: maxTime = 15, maxCount = 10
[4.646314] RLB_PRO: 
[4.646394] RLB_PRO: PHY:  Frequency =  MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[4.649505] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 9, BW =  kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: U
[4.864115] RLB_PRO: JoinRequest sent (DevNonce = 0) <-- Rx Delay start
[4.865780] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 00 1e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 99 31 61 20 18 50 33  ..........1a .P3
[4.876457] RLB_PRO: 00000010: 42 00 00 42 18 b3 d1                             B..B...           
[4.887706] RLB_PRO: 
[4.887787] RLB_PRO: PHY:  Frequency =  MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[4.890887] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 9, BW =  kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: D
[9.864041] RLB_PRO: Opening Rx1 window (110 ms timeout)... <-- Rx Delay end 
[9.978003] RLB_PRO: Closing Rx1 window
[9.978563] RLB_PRO: 
[9.978647] RLB_PRO: PHY:  Frequency =  MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[9.984803] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 12, BW =  kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: D
x[10.864048] RLB_PRO: Opening Rx2 window (670 ms timeout)... <-- Rx Delay end 
[11.537003] RLB_PRO: Closing Rx2 window
[LORA] failed, code RADIOLIB_ERR_NO_JOIN_ACCEPT

[HeadBoffin]

Has anyone had a similar problem or knows how to solve it?

LoL, about 20% of people using LW for the first time!

This is usually because the device fails to hear the JA that is being sent. It is unlikely your gateway didn't send it, but it's quick to check its console to see that it did.

Typically the issue is that the device & gateway are too close - LOng RAnge means greater sensitivity so if your JR is being heard at much less than -60 RSSI, the response may be overwhelming the input of the device. You need 10m & a brick wall separation.

[jpayalateva]

Hi HeadBoffin, thank you so much for your response.

You know, if I take distance into account, my gateway is 22 meters away and I'm blocked by several brick walls.

I retested it with OTAA and ABP, and I was able to transmit with the latter.

Thank you for any help you can provide.

-> OTAA (ERR)

[LORA] [STM32WL] Initializing ...
[LORA] radio.begin(868.0)
[4.347179] RLB_DBG:
RadioLib Info
Version: "7.1.2.0"
Platform: "Arduino STM32 (official)"
"Mar 19 2025" "23:21:13"
[4.371174] RLB_DBG: Found SX126x: RADIOLIB_SX126X_REG_VERSION_STRING:
[4.374532] RLB_DBG: 00000320: 53 58 31 32 36 31 20 54 4b 46 20 31 41 31 31 00 SX1261 TKF 1A11.
[4.384862] RLB_DBG:
[4.384938] RLB_DBG: M SX126x
[LORA] success!
[LORA] setPacketReceivedAction
[LORA] [STM32WL] Starting to listen ...
[LORA] radio.startReceive
[LORA] success!
[LORA] beginOTAA LoRaWAN 1.0.4
joinEUI: 000000026
DevUid: 4233501820613199
nwkKey: 6EADBFD6D9114FD5A6411E10B06748DE
appKey: 2B7E151628AED2A6ABF7158809CF4F3C
[LORA] success!
Join LoRaWAN Network joinEUI: 000000027
[4.470518] RLB_PRO: Setting up dynamic channels
[4.475993] RLB_PRO: UL: 0 1 (0 - 5) | DL: 0 1 (0 - 5)
_[4.482869] RLB_PRO: UL: 1 1 (0 - 5) | DL: 1 1 (0 - 5)
_[4.483836] RLB_PRO: UL: 2 1 (0 - 5) | DL: 2 1 (0 - 5)
_[4.494015] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x03
[4.494233] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 30 0
[4.505200] RLB_PRO: LinkAdrReq: dataRate = 3, txSteps = 0, nbTrans = 0
[4.511062] RLB_PRO: LinkAdrAns: 07
[4.511163] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x04
[4.516566] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 07 .
[4.522054] RLB_PRO: DutyCycleReq: max duty cycle = 1/2^7
[4.527103] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x05
[4.533355] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 00 d2 ad 84 ....
[4.538829] RLB_PRO: RXParamSetupReq: Rx1DrOffset = 0, rx2DataRate = 0, freq =
[4.550352] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x08
[4.550550] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 01 .
[4.560712] RLB_PRO: RXTimingSetupReq: delay = 1 sec
[4.561236] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x09
[4.566750] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 05 .
[4.577817] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x0c
[4.578036] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 65 e
[4.588986] RLB_PRO: ADRParamSetupReq: limitExp = 6, delayExp = 5
[4.594657] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x0f
[4.594863] RLB_PRO: 00000000: fa .
[4.605744] RLB_PRO: RejoinParamSetupReq: maxTime = 15, maxCount = 10
[4.680332] RLB_PRO:
[4.680421] RLB_PRO: PHY: Frequency = MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[4.683538] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 9, BW = kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: U
[4.899116] RLB_PRO: JoinRequest sent (DevNonce = 0) <-- Rx Delay start
[4.902869] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 00 26 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 99 31 61 20 18 50 33 .&........1a .P3
[4.913545] RLB_PRO: 00000010: 42 00 00 6a 09 eb ff B..j...
[4.919303] RLB_PRO:
[4.922708] RLB_PRO: PHY: Frequency = MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[4.925639] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 9, BW = kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: D
[9.899047] RLB_PRO: Opening Rx1 window (110 ms timeout)... <-- Rx Delay end
[10.014003] RLB_PRO: Closing Rx1 window
[10.014558] RLB_PRO:
[10.017692] RLB_PRO: PHY: Frequency = MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[10.024375] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 12, BW = kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: D
[10.899038] RLB_PRO: Opening Rx2 window (670 ms timeout)... <-- Rx Delay end
[11.574003] RLB_PRO: Closing Rx2 window
[LORA] failed, code RADIOLIB_ERR_NO_JOIN_ACCEPT
[LoRaWAN] DevAddr: 00000000
[LORA] failed, code RADIOLIB_ERR_NETWORK_NOT_JOINED
[MAIN] Begin LowPower

-> ABP (Ok)

[LORA] radio.begin(868.0)
[4.347330] RLB_DBG:
RadioLib Info
Version: "7.1.2.0"
Platform: "Arduino STM32 (official)"
"Mar 19 2025" "23:21:13"
[4.371174] RLB_DBG: Found SX126x: RADIOLIB_SX126X_REG_VERSION_STRING:
[4.374555] RLB_DBG: 00000320: 53 58 31 32 36 31 20 54 4b 46 20 31 41 31 31 00 SX1261 TKF 1A11.
[4.384865] RLB_DBG:
[4.384944] RLB_DBG: M SX126x
[LORA] success!
[LORA] beginABP LoRaWAN
devAddr: 00000cca6c
fNwkSIntKey: C064AD20EC2AB0A9B635493597AA060D
sNwkSIntKey: 02A6EC0A757A7D716ABAD0344F0B7649
nwkSEncKey: 04F557D891DA97C2561F2FE53330417D
appSKey: 8285DC1F03E1F56E036D4712ED5FDAD0
[LORA] JOIN LoRaWAN 1.1.0, ABP
[4.441874] RLB_PRO: Setting up dynamic channels
[4.442012] RLB_PRO: UL: 0 1 (0 - 5) | DL: 0 1 (0 - 5)
�[4.447490] RLB_PRO: UL: 1 1 (0 - 5) | DL: 1 1 (0 - 5)
�[4.452970] RLB_PRO: UL: 2 1 (0 - 5) | DL: 2 1 (0 - 5)
�[4.458463] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x03
[4.464246] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 30 0
[4.469902] RLB_PRO: LinkAdrReq: dataRate = 3, txSteps = 0, nbTrans = 0
[4.481082] RLB_PRO: LinkAdrAns: 07
[4.481186] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x04
[4.486682] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 07 .
[4.492170] RLB_PRO: DutyCycleReq: max duty cycle = 1/2^7
[4.496263] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x05
[4.503475] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 00 d2 ad 84 ....
[4.508946] RLB_PRO: RXParamSetupReq: Rx1DrOffset = 0, rx2DataRate = 0, freq =
[4.514967] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x08
[4.519924] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 01 .
[4.525762] RLB_PRO: RXTimingSetupReq: delay = 1 sec
[4.531173] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x09
[4.536867] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 05 .
[4.542454] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x0c
[4.547421] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 65 e
[4.553527] RLB_PRO: ADRParamSetupReq: limitExp = 6, delayExp = 5
[4.559193] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x0f
[4.564614] RLB_PRO: 00000000: fa .
[4.570453] RLB_PRO: RejoinParamSetupReq: maxTime = 15, maxCount = 10
Join successful
Sending uplink
[4.646998] RLB_PRO: Uplink (FCntUp = 0) decoded:
[4.647801] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 00 00 00 00 52 65 71 3a 20 6d 61 78 54 69 6d 65 ....Req: maxTime
[4.655591] RLB_PRO: 00000010: 40 6c 0a cc 00 00 00 00 01 4c 5a a0 75 6e 74 20 @l.......LZ.unt
[4.675931] RLB_PRO:
[4.676013] RLB_PRO: PHY: Frequency = MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[4.679126] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 9, BW = kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: U
[4.853117] RLB_PRO: Uplink sent <-- Rx Delay start
[4.853635] RLB_PRO:
[4.855222] RLB_PRO: PHY: Frequency = MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[4.861880] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 9, BW = kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: D
[5.853051] RLB_PRO: Opening Rx1 window (110 ms timeout)... <-- Rx Delay end
[5.965003] RLB_PRO: Closing Rx1 window
[5.965566] RLB_PRO:
[5.965662] RLB_PRO: PHY: Frequency = MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[5.972330] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 12, BW = kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: D
x[6.853047] RLB_PRO: Opening Rx2 window (670 ms timeout)... <-- Rx Delay end
[7.528003] RLB_PRO: Closing Rx2 window
[LORA] success!
[MAIN] Begin LowPower

[HeadBoffin]

ABP, not requiring a join, getting an uplink through is no surprise if the JR is heard as well. This is device to gateway. Your likely issue is with gateway to device, hence asking about the RSSI / SNR.

You know, if I take distance into account, my gateway is 22 meters away and I'm blocked by several brick walls.

Good, but have you told the radios this so they cooperate? ;-) It really is about the measured values, to go further we need to know what they are!

PS, helps enormously if you can format the logs with the code <> tool please.

[jpayalateva]

I hope I'm not abusing your kindness.

I powered the node with a battery and went for a walk down the street, about 500 meters, but I can't join.

I also tried another module, same result.

I checked the joinkeys and they're correct. The chirpstack log shows a successful join.

I also checked the pins on my rak3172 module.

The RF switch, which is controlled by PB8 and PC13.

https://forum.rakwireless.com/t/rak11300-now-with-arduino-pico-support-and-radiolib/10922/4
https://forum.rakwireless.com/t/rak3172-rf-pin-12-gnd-plane-issue/13662/34

Can you think of anything else I could check?

// regional choices: EU868, US915, AU915, AS923, AS923_2, AS923_3, AS923_4, IN865, KR920, CN470
const LoRaWANBand_t Region = EU868;

// subband choice: for US915/AU915 set to 2, for CN470 set to 1, otherwise leave on 0
const uint8_t subBand = 0;

uint64_t joinEUI =   RADIOLIB_LORAWAN_JOIN_EUI;
uint8_t appKey[] = { RADIOLIB_LORAWAN_APP_KEY };
uint8_t nwkKey[] = { RADIOLIB_LORAWAN_NWK_KEY };

//STM32WLE5JC - rak3172
static const uint32_t rfswitch_pins[] = {PB8, PC13, RADIOLIB_NC, RADIOLIB_NC, RADIOLIB_NC};
static const Module::RfSwitchMode_t rfswitch_table[] = {
  {STM32WLx::MODE_IDLE,  {LOW,  LOW}},
  {STM32WLx::MODE_RX,    {HIGH, LOW}},
  {STM32WLx::MODE_TX_HP, {LOW, HIGH}},
  END_OF_MODE_TABLE,
};

//Instancias
STM32WLx radio = new STM32WLx_Module();
// create the LoRaWAN node
LoRaWANNode node(&radio, &Region, subBand);

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int Lora::BeginOTAA(void)
{
  int state = 0;

  // set RF switch control configuration
  // this has to be done prior to calling begin()
  radio.setRfSwitchTable(rfswitch_pins, rfswitch_table);
  // initialize STM32WL with default settings, except frequency
  LOG(DLORA,"[STM32WL] Initializing ... ");
  LOG(DLORA,"radio.begin(868.0)");  
  
  state = radio.begin(868.0);
  if (state == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE) {
    LOG(DLORA,"success!");
  } else {
    LOG(DLORA,"failed, code %s",stateDecode(state).c_str());    
    return(state);
    }

  // set appropriate TCXO voltage for Nucleo WL55JC1
  LOG(DLORA,"radio.setTCXO");
  state = radio.setTCXO(1.7);
  if (state == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE) {
    LOG(DLORA,"success!");
  } else {
    LOG(DLORA,"failed, code %s",stateDecode(state).c_str());          
    return(state);
  }  
  // // Enable the ADR algorithm (on by default which is preferable)
  LOG(DLORA,"node.setADR");
  node.setADR(false);


  //-----------------------------------------------
  // Optionally provide a custom sleep function - see config.h
  //node.setSleepFunction(customDelay);

  // Setup the OTAA session information
  DevUid = get64_Uid();
  joinEUI = EEPROM.get(0, joinEUI);  
  if (joinEUI >= 0xffffffffffffffff) {
    LOG(DLORA,"Clear eeprom");
    for (int i = 0 ; i < EEPROM.length() ; i++) {
      EEPROM.write(i, 0);
    }
    joinEUI = 0x0000000000000000;
  }

  LOG(DLORA,"LoRaWAN 1.0.4");
  Serial.printf("[%s] joinEUI: %s\n", DLORA, Int64ToString(joinEUI).c_str());
  Serial.printf("[%s] DevUid: %s\n", DLORA, Int64ToString(DevUid).c_str());  
  Serial.printf("[%s] appKey: %s\n", DLORA, ArrayByteToHex((char*)appKey).c_str());          

  LOG(DLORA,"beginOTAA(joinEUI, DevUid, NULL, appKey)");
  state = node.beginOTAA(joinEUI, DevUid, NULL, appKey); //  To activate a LoRaWAN 1.0.4 session          
  if (state == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE) {
    LOG(DLORA,"success!");
  } else {
    LOG(DLORA,"failed, code %s",stateDecode(state).c_str());          
    return(state);
  }  

  joinEUI++;  
  EEPROM.put(0, joinEUI);

  return(state);
}

`

[StevenCellist]

This...

  joinEUI++;  
  EEPROM.put(0, joinEUI);

... is very much incorrect! The JoinEUI is constant - it's the DevNonce that must be incremented, but RadioLib handles that internally. You shouldn't do anything other than keeping the JoinEUI, DevEUI and AppKey a constant. They should always 100% match the values that you put into Chirpstack.

The same goes for get64_Uid() - is this a function that always yields the same result? If not, you need to fix this value to one that is put into Chirpstack identically.

[jpayalateva]

Hi StevenCellist, thank you very much for your comments.

Remove EEPROM.put(0, joinEUI);
Check the JoinEUI, DevEUI, and AppKey keys.
Change the chip just in case.

The DevEUI is always the same unless the chip is changed.

I'm still getting the same result; the join doesn't reach the RAK3172.

I'm attaching the screenshots and code. If you see anything that could help me, please don't hesitate to comment. Thank you very much for your help.

//STM32WLE5JC - rak3172
static const uint32_t rfswitch_pins[] = {PB8, PC13, RADIOLIB_NC, RADIOLIB_NC, RADIOLIB_NC};
static const Module::RfSwitchMode_t rfswitch_table[] = {
  {STM32WLx::MODE_IDLE,  {LOW,  LOW}},
  {STM32WLx::MODE_RX,    {HIGH, LOW}},
  {STM32WLx::MODE_TX_HP, {LOW, HIGH}},
  END_OF_MODE_TABLE,
};

#define RADIOLIB_LORAWAN_JOIN_EUI  0xa291685dd2094306                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
#define RADIOLIB_LORAWAN_APP_KEY   0x2b, 0x7e, 0x15, 0x16, 0x28, 0xae, 0xd2, 0xa6, 0xab, 0xf7, 0x15, 0x88, 0x09, 0xcf, 0x4f, 0x3c 

uint64_t joinEUI =   RADIOLIB_LORAWAN_JOIN_EUI;
uint8_t appKey[] = { RADIOLIB_LORAWAN_APP_KEY };

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
uint64_t get64_Uid(void) {
  uint32_t ID_1_3_val = HAL_GetUIDw0() + HAL_GetUIDw2();
	uint32_t ID_2_val = HAL_GetUIDw1();

  union
  {
    uint8_t uid[8] = {0};
    uint64_t uint64; 
  } u;

  char *uuidString[12] = {0};

	memcpy(&u.uid[4], &ID_2_val,4);
	memcpy(&u.uid[0], &ID_1_3_val,4);
	sprintf((char *)uuidString,
			"%x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x ",
			u.uid[7],u.uid[6],u.uid[5],u.uid[4],u.uid[3],u.uid[2],u.uid[1],u.uid[0]
	);

  //Serial.printf("get64_Uid: %s\n", uuidString);

  return u.uint64;
}


//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int Lora::BeginOTAA_4(void)
{
  int state = 0;

  // set RF switch control configuration
  // this has to be done prior to calling begin()
  radio.setRfSwitchTable(rfswitch_pins, rfswitch_table);
  // initialize STM32WL with default settings, except frequency
  LOG(DLORA,"[STM32WL] Initializing ... ");
  LOG(DLORA,"radio.begin(868.0)");  
  state = radio.begin(868.0);
  if (state == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE) {
    LOG(DLORA,"success!");
  } else {
    LOG(DLORA,"failed, code %s",stateDecode(state).c_str());    
    return(state);
    }

  //set appropriate TCXO voltage for Nucleo WL55JC1
  LOG(DLORA,"radio.setTCXO");
  state = radio.setTCXO(1.7);
  if (state == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE) {
    LOG(DLORA,"success!");
  } else {
    LOG(DLORA,"failed, code %s",stateDecode(state).c_str());          
    return(state);
  }  
  // // Enable the ADR algorithm (on by default which is preferable)
  LOG(DLORA,"node.setADR");
  node.setADR(false);

  // Setup the OTAA session information
  DevUid = get64_Uid();

  LOG(DLORA,"LoRaWAN 1.0.4");
  Serial.printf("[%s] joinEUI: %s\n", DLORA, Int64ToString(joinEUI).c_str());
  Serial.printf("[%s] DevUid: %s\n", DLORA, Int64ToString(DevUid).c_str());  
  //Serial.printf("[%s] nwkKey: %s\n", DLORA, ArrayByteToHex((char*)nwkKey).c_str());      
  Serial.printf("[%s] appKey: %s\n", DLORA, ArrayByteToHex((char*)appKey).c_str());          

  LOG(DLORA,"beginOTAA(joinEUI, DevUid, NULL, appKey)");
  state = node.beginOTAA(joinEUI, DevUid, NULL, appKey); //  To activate a LoRaWAN 1.0.4 session        
  if (state == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE) {
    LOG(DLORA,"success!");
  } else {
    LOG(DLORA,"failed, code %s",stateDecode(state).c_str());          
    return(state);
  }  
    
  LOG(DLORA,"Join LoRaWAN Network joinEUI: %s\n", Int64ToString(joinEUI).c_str());
  state = node.activateOTAA();

  if (state == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE) {
    LOG(DLORA,"success!");        
  } else {
    LOG(DLORA,"failed, code %s",stateDecode(state).c_str());        
  } 
  // Print the DevAddr
  Serial.printf("[LoRaWAN] DevAddr: %s\n", Int64ToString(node.getDevAddr()).c_str());  

  // This is the place to gather the sensor inputs
  // Instead of reading any real sensor, we just generate some random numbers as example
  uint8_t value1 = random(100);
  uint16_t value2 = random(2000);

  // Build payload byte array
  uint8_t uplinkPayload[5];
  uplinkPayload[0] = value1;
  uplinkPayload[1] = 'H';
  uplinkPayload[2] = 'O';
  uplinkPayload[3] = 'L';
  uplinkPayload[4] = 'A';
  // Perform an uplink  
  state = node.sendReceive(uplinkPayload, sizeof(uplinkPayload));

  if (state == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE) {
    LOG(DLORA,"success!");
  } else {
    LOG(DLORA,"failed, code %s",stateDecode(state).c_str());        
    }

  return(state);
}

LOG RAK3172

[LORA] [STM32WL] Initializing ... 
[LORA] radio.begin(868.0)
[4.347174] RLB_DBG: 
RadioLib Info
Version:  "7.1.2.0"
Platform: "Arduino STM32 (official)"
"Mar 22 2025" "00:35:19"
[4.361531] RLB_DBG: -707 at lib\RadioLib\src\Module.cpp:279
[4.372175] RLB_DBG: Found SX126x: RADIOLIB_SX126X_REG_VERSION_STRING:
[4.375795] RLB_DBG: 00000320: 53 58 31 32 36 31 20 54 4b 46 20 31 41 31 31 00  SX1261 TKF 1A11.
[4.386122] RLB_DBG: 
[4.386199] RLB_DBG: M   SX126x
[4.388529] RLB_DBG: -707 at lib\RadioLib\src\Module.cpp:279
[LORA] success!
[LORA] radio.setTCXO
[LORA] success!
[LORA] node.setADR
[LORA] LoRaWAN 1.0.4
[LORA] joinEUI: a291685dd29436 
[LORA] DevUid: 42335017203e3189 
[LORA] appKey: 2B7E151628AED2A6ABF7158809CF4F3C
[LORA] beginOTAA(joinEUI, DevUid, NULL, appKey)
[LORA] success!
[LORA] Join LoRaWAN Network joinEUI: a291685dd29436 

[4.446665] RLB_PRO: Setting up dynamic channels
[4.452056] RLB_PRO: UL:   0 1  (0 - 5) | DL:   0 1  (0 - 5)
_[4.456148] RLB_PRO: UL:   1 1  (0 - 5) | DL:   1 1  (0 - 5)
_[4.463103] RLB_PRO: UL:   2 1  (0 - 5) | DL:   2 1  (0 - 5)
_[4.467119] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x03
[4.474378] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 30                                               0                 
[4.479960] RLB_PRO: LinkAdrReq: dataRate = 3, txSteps = 0, nbTrans = 0
[4.485718] RLB_PRO: LinkAdrAns: 07
[4.490337] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x04
[4.491230] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 07                                               .                 
[4.502209] RLB_PRO: DutyCycleReq: max duty cycle = 1/2^7
[4.507785] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x05
[4.508119] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 00 d2 ad 84                                      ....              
[4.518986] RLB_PRO: RXParamSetupReq: Rx1DrOffset = 0, rx2DataRate = 0, freq = 
[4.525105] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x08
[4.528581] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 01                                               .                 
[4.535728] RLB_PRO: RXTimingSetupReq: delay = 1 sec
[4.541304] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x09
[4.547001] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 05                                               .                 
[4.552588] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x0c
[4.556079] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 65                                               e                 
[4.563660] RLB_PRO: ADRParamSetupReq: limitExp = 6, delayExp = 5
[4.569328] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x0f
[4.573271] RLB_PRO: 00000000: fa                                               .                 
[4.580419] RLB_PRO: RejoinParamSetupReq: maxTime = 15, maxCount = 10
[4.655334] RLB_PRO: 
[4.655427] RLB_PRO: PHY:  Frequency =  MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[4.662134] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 9, BW =  kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: U
[4.873118] RLB_PRO: JoinRequest sent (DevNonce = 0) <-- Rx Delay start
[4.879314] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 00 06 43 09 d2 5d 68 91 a2 89 31 3e 20 17 50 33  ..C..]h...1> .P3
[4.884565] RLB_PRO: 00000010: 42 00 00 e8 34 36 3a                             B...46:           
[4.895652] RLB_PRO: 
[4.895735] RLB_PRO: PHY:  Frequency =  MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[4.902090] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 9, BW =  kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: D
[9.873047] RLB_PRO: Opening Rx1 window (110 ms timeout)... <-- Rx Delay end 
[9.986003] RLB_PRO: Closing Rx1 window
[9.986145] RLB_DBG: -705 at lib\RadioLib\src\Module.cpp:251
[9.991673] RLB_DBG: -705 at lib\RadioLib\src\Module.cpp:279
[9.999200] RLB_PRO: 
[9.999283] RLB_PRO: PHY:  Frequency =  MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[10.005732] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 12, BW =  kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: D
 [10.873040] RLB_PRO: Opening Rx2 window (670 ms timeout)... <-- Rx Delay end 
[11.546003] RLB_PRO: Closing Rx2 window
[11.546146] RLB_DBG: -705 at lib\RadioLib\src\Module.cpp:251
[11.551674] RLB_DBG: -705 at lib\RadioLib\src\Module.cpp:279
[LORA] failed, code RADIOLIB_ERR_NO_JOIN_ACCEPT
[LoRaWAN] DevAddr: 00000000 
[LORA] failed, code RADIOLIB_ERR_NETWORK_NOT_JOINED
[MAIN] Begin LowPower

[StevenCellist]

I couldn't find a good source for the RF switch pins, but found one reference for each of the two pins, and it looks OK. What I do notice though is that there are two JoinRequest entries in your gateway logs. This likely points to LoRa = Long Range being used in too short range. I recommend trying node.activateOTAA(5) to use the fastest possible datarate, instead of the default SF9BW125 (DR2). Also, please report the RSSI and SNR as listed in the Chirpstack logs for the JoinRequest entries.

[jpayalateva]

Hello.
Thank you very much for your response.

I changed the function to initialize the radio, but I'm still having the same problem.

I was able to capture the gateway log.
I'm seeing something strange in the Chirp stack. I have other sensors, and they're in DR5, but it seems the one I'm using is DR3 radiolib.

I don't know how to change that?

Do you suggest another configuration to initialize the radio module?

state = radio.begin(868.0, 125.0, 7, 5, RADIOLIB_SX126X_SYNC_WORD_PRIVATE, 14, 8, 1.7, false);

Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [MACINFO~][JOIN_REQ]:{"Size":23, "Rssi":-82, "snr":12, "AppEUI":"A291685DD2094306", "DevEUI":"42335017203E3189"}
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [INFO~][PKTS][primary_server-UP] received Join_Req from DevEui: 42335017203E3189 (fcnt=0)
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [PKTS~][primary_server-UP] {"rxpk":[{"jver":1,"tmst":3196133561,"time":"2025-03-23T20:58:51.105631Z","chan":1,"rfch":1,"freq":868.300000,"mid": 8,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","rssis":-83,"lsnr":12.5,"foff":-834,"rssi":-82,"size":23,"data":"AAZDCdJdaJGiiTE+IBdQM0IAAOg0Njo="}]}
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [MACINFO~][JOIN_REQ]:{"Size":23, "Rssi":-82, "snr":12, "AppEUI":"A291685DD2094306", "DevEUI":"42335017203E3189"}
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [INFO~][PKTS][secondary_server-UP] received Join_Req from DevEui: 42335017203E3189 (fcnt=0)
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [PKTS~][secondary_server-UP] {"rxpk":[{"jver":1,"tmst":3196133561,"time":"2025-03-23T20:58:51.116361Z","chan":1,"rfch":1,"freq":868.300000,"mid": 8,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","rssis":-83,"lsnr":12.5,"foff":-834,"rssi":-82,"size":23,"data":"AAZDCdJdaJGiiTE+IBdQM0IAAOg0Njo="}]}
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [INFO~][NETWORK][primary_server-UP] PUSH_ACK received in 38 ms
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [INFO~][NETWORK][primary_server-DOWN] PULL_ACK received in 35 ms
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [PKTS~][primary_server-DOWN] {"txpk":{"imme":false,"rfch":0,"powe":16,"ant":0,"brd":0,"tmst":3201133561,"freq":868.3,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF7BW125","codr":"4/5","ipol":true,"size":33,"data":"IBd1rTlUIsSyMryZjtqELQZb0Uyuf8iBF3opp9lOhYoH"}}
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: lgw_time_on_air:1645: INFO: LoRa packet ToA: 72 ms
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [DEBUG~][PKTS][primary_server-DOWN] A packet enqueue, us=3201133561, cur_us=3196401269
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: #########DEBUG###########
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: 201775AD395422C4B232BC998EDA842D065BD14CAE7FC881177A29A7D94E858A07
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: #########DEBUG###########
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [MACINFO~][JOIN_ACCEPT]:{"Size":33, "NetID":"395422", "DevAddr":"BC32B2C4", "DLSettings":{"RX1DRoffset":1, "RX2DR":9}}
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: lgw_send:1353:  --- IN
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: lgw_send:1487:  --- OUT
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [INFO~][JIT] send done on rf_chain 0 in count_us=3201133561 with freq=868300000, SF7
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [INFO~][NETWORK][primary_server-DOWN] PULL_ACK received in 1055 ms
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: WARNING: Not connect I2C Temperature Device, Return Virtual Temperature!
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [PKTS~][primary_server-UP] {"stat":{"time":"2025-03-23 20:58:58 GMT","rxnb":1,"rxok":1,"rxfw":1,"ackr":100.0,"dwnb":1,"txnb":1,"pfrm":"SX1302","mail":"","desc":"Dragino LoRaWAN Gateway"}}
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [PKTS~][secondary_server-UP] {"stat":{"time":"2025-03-23 20:58:58 GMT","rxnb":1,"rxok":1,"rxfw":1,"ackr":0.0,"dwnb":0,"txnb":0,"pfrm":"SX1302","mail":"","desc":"Dragino LoRaWAN Gateway"}}
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [INFO~][NETWORK][primary_server-UP] PUSH_ACK received in 37 ms
Mar 23 21:59:06 dragino-291854 fwd[1765]: [INFO~][NETWORK][primary_server-DOWN] PULL_ACK received in 39 ms

[4.347173] RLB_DBG: 
RadioLib Info
Version:  "7.1.2.0"
Platform: "Arduino STM32 (official)"
"Mar 22 2025" "00:35:19"
[4.361529] RLB_DBG: -707 at lib\RadioLib\src\Module.cpp:279
[4.372175] RLB_DBG: Found SX126x: RADIOLIB_SX126X_REG_VERSION_STRING:
[4.375793] RLB_DBG: 00000320: 53 58 31 32 36 31 20 54 4b 46 20 31 41 31 31 00  SX1261 TKF 1A11.
[4.386122] RLB_DBG: 
[4.386199] RLB_DBG: M   SX126x
[4.388532] RLB_DBG: -707 at lib\RadioLib\src\Module.cpp:279
[LORA] success!
[LORA] node.setADR
[LORA] LoRaWAN 1.0.4
[LORA] joinEUI: a291685dd29436 
[LORA] DevUid: 42335017203e3189 
[LORA] appKey: 2B7E151628AED2A6ABF7158809CF4F3C
[LORA] beginOTAA(joinEUI, DevUid, NULL, appKey)
[LORA] success!
[LORA] Join LoRaWAN Network joinEUI: a291685dd29436 

[4.444581] RLB_PRO: Setting up dynamic channels
[4.451955] RLB_PRO: UL:   0 1  (0 - 5) | DL:   0 1  (0 - 5)
_[4.452930] RLB_PRO: UL:   1 1  (0 - 5) | DL:   1 1  (0 - 5)
_[4.463096] RLB_PRO: UL:   2 1  (0 - 5) | DL:   2 1  (0 - 5)
_[4.463901] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x03
[4.468886] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 50                                               P                 
[4.479859] RLB_PRO: LinkAdrReq: dataRate = 5, txSteps = 0, nbTrans = 0
[4.485714] RLB_PRO: LinkAdrAns: 07
[4.485817] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x04
[4.491225] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 07                                               .                 
[4.496713] RLB_PRO: DutyCycleReq: max duty cycle = 1/2^7
[4.501677] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x05
[4.508018] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 00 d2 ad 84                                      ....              
[4.513490] RLB_PRO: RXParamSetupReq: Rx1DrOffset = 0, rx2DataRate = 0, freq = 
[4.525018] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x08
[4.525216] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 01                                               .                 
[4.533549] RLB_PRO: RXTimingSetupReq: delay = 1 sec
[4.535804] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x09
[4.541410] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 05                                               .                 
[4.552469] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x0c
[4.552686] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 65                                               e                 
[4.563648] RLB_PRO: ADRParamSetupReq: limitExp = 6, delayExp = 5
[4.569320] RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x0f
[4.569527] RLB_PRO: 00000000: fa                                               .                 
[4.580407] RLB_PRO: RejoinParamSetupReq: maxTime = 15, maxCount = 10
[4.655341] RLB_PRO: 
[4.655430] RLB_PRO: PHY:  Frequency =  MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[4.658555] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 7, BW =  kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: U
[4.730118] RLB_PRO: JoinRequest sent (DevNonce = 0) <-- Rx Delay start
[4.733951] RLB_PRO: 00000000: 00 06 43 09 d2 5d 68 91 a2 89 31 3e 20 17 50 33  ..C..]h...1> .P3
[4.744630] RLB_PRO: 00000010: 42 00 00 e8 34 36 3a                             B...46:           
[4.750400] RLB_PRO: 
[4.753705] RLB_PRO: PHY:  Frequency =  MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[4.756742] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 7, BW =  kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: D
[9.730039] RLB_PRO: Opening Rx1 window (32 ms timeout)... <-- Rx Delay end 
[9.767003] RLB_PRO: Closing Rx1 window
[9.767141] RLB_DBG: -705 at lib\RadioLib\src\Module.cpp:251
[9.770667] RLB_DBG: -705 at lib\RadioLib\src\Module.cpp:279
[9.776430] RLB_PRO: 
[9.777666] RLB_PRO: PHY:  Frequency =  MHz, TX = 16 dBm
[9.784373] RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 12, BW =  kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: D
 [10.730046] RLB_PRO: Opening Rx2 window (670 ms timeout)... <-- Rx Delay end 
[11.405003] RLB_PRO: Closing Rx2 window
[11.405142] RLB_DBG: -705 at lib\RadioLib\src\Module.cpp:251
[11.408756] RLB_DBG: -705 at lib\RadioLib\src\Module.cpp:279
[LORA] failed, code RADIOLIB_ERR_NO_JOIN_ACCEPT
[LoRaWAN] DevAddr: 00000000 
[LORA] failed, code RADIOLIB_ERR_NETWORK_NOT_JOINED
[MAIN] Begin LowPower

[HeadBoffin]

I hope I'm not abusing your kindness.

I'm sorry to say, but you are. Because twice now I've asked for information on the RSSI & SNR of the Join Request and you've gone away to do your own thing, some of which may have worked, some random hacking on the code base even though you have a successful join request being received and then there is WTH (What the Heck) of the DevUid and appear at one point to have two octal digits missing from the JoinEUI, but mostly there is the wholesale WTH of state = radio.begin(868.0, 125.0, 7, 5, RADIOLIB_SX126X_SYNC_WORD_PRIVATE, 14, 8, 1.7, false);

The DevEUI is always the same unless the chip is changed.

But it may not generate a valid EUI which has some specific formatting required in the first byte. And due to the STM32 only providing 3 bytes when you need 4, there is the possibility of the same EUI being generated by two different devices.

What impact do you think using a private sync word would make, given your gateway & CS is working OK with other devices? Plus you setting channel info is totally overridden by the requirements of your LW regional settings.

I have no idea how you've managed to get CS to issue a JA with this muddle so you do have some hidden genius somewhere!

But most importantly, you had it working 5 days ago, with these changes you now have a collection of SPI failures - the serial output log is for you to read too! You can look at what was working and compare to see those -70x responses!

I can see the RSSI & SNR in your gateway log - help us to help you - pull out the info requested so we can see it clear & upfront.

1. How far away was the gateway when you did this?
2. What are these other devices that work OK?
3. Did you create the firmware for them?
4. If so, what library did you use?

As the code needs to know when the radio has finished doing something - like listening for an incoming message, you need to resolve the SPI issues.

[jpayalateva]

Hello HeadBoffin

The antenna is connected correctly.

Sorry, I'm not understanding this correctly. Does the drago log I uploaded earlier have the RSSI and SNR information you need, or is there another log? If so, could you please tell me where it is?

[jpayalateva]

Everything seems fine. In fact, the gateway log appears to be correct.

It seems the Rak3172 isn't listening.

How can I verify that the RAK is actually listening?

[jpayalateva]

Hello.

I compiled the basic Lorawan example in the Arduino 2.3.4 IDE, modifying a few things for STM32WL.

Everything is fine, same error as before.

But when I activate RADIOLIB_DEBUG_PROTOCOL, the log output changes.

I hope this helps.

Please help.

LoRaWAN_Starter STM32WL.zip

17:34:14.295 -> 
17:34:14.295 -> Setup ... 
17:34:14.295 -> Initialise the radio
17:34:14.359 -> Join ('login') the LoRaWAN Network
17:34:14.374 -> RLB_PRO: Setting up dynamic channels
17:34:14.374 -> RLB_PRO: UL:   0 1  (0 - 5) | DL:   0 1  (0 - 5)
17:34:14.374 -> eRLB_PRO: UL:   1 1  (0 - 5) | DL:   1 1  (0 - 5)
17:34:14.374 -> eRLB_PRO: UL:   2 1  (0 - 5) | DL:   2 1  (0 - 5)
17:34:14.374 -> eRLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x03
17:34:14.374 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: 30                                               0                 
17:34:14.374 -> RLB_PRO: LinkAdrReq: dataRate = 3, txSteps = 0, nbTrans = 0
17:34:14.406 -> RLB_PRO: LinkAdrAns: 07
17:34:14.406 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x04
17:34:14.406 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: 07                                               .                 
17:34:14.406 -> RLB_PRO: DutyCycleReq: max duty cycle = 1/2^7
17:34:14.406 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x05
17:34:14.406 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: 00 d2 ad 84                                      ....              
17:34:14.406 -> RLB_PRO: RXParamSetupReq: Rx1DrOffset = 0, rx2DataRate = 0, freq = 
17:34:14.406 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x08
17:34:14.406 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: 01                                               .                 
17:34:14.438 -> RLB_PRO: RXTimingSetupReq: delay = 1 sec
17:34:14.438 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x09
17:34:14.438 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: 05                                               .                 
17:34:14.438 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x0c
17:34:14.438 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: 65                                               e                 
17:34:14.438 -> RLB_PRO: ADRParamSetupReq: limitExp = 6, delayExp = 5
17:34:14.475 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x0f
17:34:14.475 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: fa                                               .                 
17:34:14.475 -> RLB_PRO: RejoinParamSetupReq: maxTime = 15, maxCount = 10
17:34:14.543 -> RLB_PRO: 

So much for garbage.

17:34:20.315 -> RLB_PRO: PHY:  Frequency = %7.3f MHz, TX = %d dBm
17:34:20.315 -> RLB_PRO: FSK:  BR = %4.1f, FD = %4.1f kHz
17:34:20.350 -> RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = %d, BW = %5.1f kHz, CR = 4/%d, IQ: %c
17:34:20.350 -> RLB_PRO: LR-FHSS: BW = 0x%02x, CR = 0x%02x kHz, grid = %c
17:34:20.350 -> RLB_PRO: Delaying transmission by %lu ms
17:34:20.350 -> RLB_PRO: Uplink sent <-- Rx Delay start
17:34:20.350 -> RLB_PRO: Opening Rx%d window (%d ms timeout)... <-- Rx Delay end 
17:34:20.350 -> RLB_PRO: Closing Rx%d window
17:34:20.350 -> RLB_PRO: Downlink missing!
17:34:20.350 -> RLB_PRO: Did not update buffer: session already active
17:34:20.384 -> RLB_PRO: Configuration mismatch (keys: %d, mode: %d, class: %d, plan: %d)
17:34:20.384 -> RLB_PRO: Discarding the Nonces buffer:
17:34:20.384 -> RLB_PRO: RLB_PRO: MIC mismatch, expected %08lx, got %08lx
17:34:20.384 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x%02x
17:34:20.384 -> RLB_PRO: ResetConf: server version 1.%d
17:34:20.384 -> RLB_PRO: LinkCheckAns: [user]
17:34:20.384 -> RLB_PRO: LinkAdrReq: dataRate = %d, txSteps = %d, nbTrans = %d
17:34:20.384 -> RLB_PRO: ADR: no channels available for datarate %d
17:34:20.418 -> RLB_PRO: ADR: hardware failure configurating datarate %d, code %d
17:34:20.418 -> RLB_PRO: ADR failed to configure Tx power %d, code %d!
17:34:20.418 -> RLB_PRO: LinkAdrAns: %02x
17:34:20.418 -> RLB_PRO: DutyCycleReq: max duty cycle = 1/2^%d
17:34:20.418 -> RLB_PRO: RXParamSetupReq: Rx1DrOffset = %d, rx2DataRate = %d, freq = %7.3f
17:34:20.418 -> RLB_PRO: DevStatusAns: status = 0x%02x%02x
17:34:20.418 -> RLB_PRO: DlChannelReq: index = %d, freq = %7.3f MHz
17:34:20.452 -> RLB_PRO: RXTimingSetupReq: delay = %d sec
17:34:20.452 -> RLB_PRO: TxParamSetupReq: dlDwell = %d, ulDwell = %d, maxEirp = %d dBm
17:34:20.452 -> RLB_PRO: RekeyConf: server version = 1.%d
17:34:20.452 -> RLB_PRO: ADRParamSetupReq: limitExp = %d, delayExp = %d
17:34:20.452 -> RLB_PRO: DeviceTimeAns: [user]
17:34:20.452 -> RLB_PRO: ForceRejoinReq: period = %d, maxRetries = %d, rejoinType = %d, dr = %d
17:34:20.452 -> RLB_PRO: RejoinParamSetupReq: maxTime = %d, maxCount = %d
17:34:20.452 -> RLB_PRO: ADRParamSetupReq: limitExp = %d, delayExp = %d
17:34:20.452 -> RLB_PRO: DeviceTimeAns: [user]
17:34:20.452 -> RLB_PRO: ForceRejoinReq: period = %d, maxRetries = %d, rejoinType = %d, dr = %d
17:34:20.452 -> RLB_PRO: RejoinParamSetupReq: maxTime = %d, maxCount = %d
17:34:20.485 -> �
17:34:20.485 -> 
����������!$RLB_PRO: Processing CFList
17:34:20.485 -> RLB_PRO: No defined channel allows datarate %d
17:34:20.485 -> RLB_PRO: Uplink (FCntUp = %lu) decoded:
17:34:20.485 -> RLB_PRO: Uplink MAC payload:
17:34:20.485 -> RLB_PRO: Datarate %d is not valid - using default
17:34:20.485 -> ARLB_PRO: Downlink message too short (%lu bytes)
17:34:20.485 -> RLB_PRO: Device address mismatch, expected 0x%08lX, got 0x%08lX
17:34:20.485 -> RLB_PRO: Downlink at FPort %d - rejected! This FPort is not enabled.
17:34:20.517 -> RLB_PRO: Downlink at FPort %d - rejected! This FPort is reserved.
17:34:20.517 -> RLB_PRO: Downlink (%sFCntDown = %lu) encoded:
17:34:20.517 -> RLB_PRO: WARNING: Unknown MAC CID %02x
17:34:20.517 -> RLB_PRO: WARNING: Skipping remaining MAC commands
17:34:20.517 -> RLB_PRO: WARNING: Incomplete MAC command %02x (%d bytes, expected %d)
17:34:20.517 -> RLB_PRO: Uplink MAC-only payload (%d bytes):
17:34:20.549 -> RLB_PRO: Sending MAC-only uplink .. 
17:34:20.549 -> RLB_PRO: JoinAccept reply length mismatch, expected %dB got %luB
17:34:20.549 -> RLB_PRO: JoinAccept reply message type invalid, expected 0x%02x got 0x%02x
17:34:20.549 -> RLB_PRO: JoinAccept (JoinNonce = %lu, previously %lu):
17:34:20.549 -> RLB_PRO: LoRaWAN revision: 1.%d
17:34:20.549 -> RLB_PRO: Dwell time exceeded: ToA = %lu, max = %d
17:34:20.549 -> RLB_PRO: JoinRequest sent (DevNonce = %d) <-- Rx Delay start
17:34:20.582 -> RLB_PRO: S	%lu
17:34:20.582 -> RLB_PRO: R	%X
17:34:20.582 -> %08lx: %02x    %c
17:34:20.582 -> #-0+ hlLefgEFG0123456789ABCDEF0123456789abcdef

So much for garbage.

17:34:27.348 -> RLB_PRO: Downlink missing!
17:34:27.382 -> RLB_PRO: Did not update buffer: session already active
17:34:27.382 -> RLB_PRO: Configuration mismatch (keys: %d, mode: %d, class: %d, plan: %d)
17:34:27.382 -> RLB_PRO: Discarding the Nonces buffer:
17:34:27.382 -> RLB_PRO: RLB_PRO: MIC mismatch, expected %08lx, got %08lx
17:34:27.382 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x%02x
17:34:27.382 -> RLB_PRO: ResetConf: server version 1.%d
17:34:27.382 -> RLB_PRO: LinkCheckAns: [user]
17:34:27.382 -> RLB_PRO: LinkAdrReq: dataRate = %d, txSteps = %d, nbTrans = %d
17:34:27.415 -> RLB_PRO: ADR: no channels available for datarate %d
17:34:27.415 -> RLB_PRO: ADR: hardware failure configurating datarate %d, code %d
17:34:27.415 -> RLB_PRO: ADR failed to configure Tx power %d, code %d!
17:34:27.415 -> RLB_PRO: LinkAdrAns: %02x
17:34:27.415 -> RLB_PRO: DutyCycleReq: max duty cycle = 1/2^%d
17:34:27.415 -> RLB_PRO: RXParamSetupReq: Rx1DrOffset = %d, rx2DataRate = %d, freq = %7.3f
17:34:27.448 -> RLB_PRO: DevStatusAns: status = 0x%02x%02x
17:34:27.448 -> RLB_PRO: DlChannelReq: index = %d, freq = %7.3f MHz
17:34:27.448 -> RLB_PRO: RXTimingSetupReq: delay = %d sec
17:34:27.448 -> RLB_PRO: TxParamSetupReq: dlDwell = %d, ulDwell = %d, maxEirp = %d dBm
17:34:27.448 -> RLB_PRO: RekeyConf: server version = 1.%d
17:34:27.448 -> RLB_PRO: ADRParamSetupReq: limitExp = %d, delayExp = %d
17:34:27.448 -> RLB_PRO: DeviceTimeAns: [user]
17:34:27.448 -> RLB_PRO: ForceRejoinReq: period = %d, maxRetries = %d, rejoinType = %d, dr = %d
17:34:27.480 -> RLB_PRO: RejoinParamSetupReq: maxTime = %d, maxCount = %d

17:34:27.480 -> 
����������!$RLB_PRO: Processing CFList
17:34:27.480 -> RLB_PRO: No defined channel allows datarate %d
17:34:27.480 -> RLB_PRO: Uplink (FCntUp = %lu) decoded:
17:34:27.480 -> RLB_PRO: Uplink MAC payload:
17:34:27.480 -> RLB_PRO: Datarate %d is not valid - using default
17:34:27.480 -> RLB_PRO: Downlink message too short (%lu bytes)
17:34:27.515 -> RLB_PRO: Device address mismatch, expected 0x%08lX, got 0x%08lX
17:34:27.515 -> RLB_PRO: Downlink at FPort %d - rejected! This FPort is not enabled.
17:34:27.515 -> RLB_PRO: Downlink at FPort %d - rejected! This FPort is reserved.
17:34:27.515 -> RLB_PRO: Downlink (%sFCntDown = %lu) encoded:
17:34:27.515 -> RLB_PRO: WARNING: Unknown MAC CID %02x
17:34:27.515 -> RLB_PRO: WARNING: Skipping remaining MAC commands
17:34:27.515 -> RLB_PRO: WARNING: Incomplete MAC command %02x (%d bytes, expected %d)
17:34:27.548 -> RLB_PRO: Uplink MAC-only payload (%d bytes):
17:34:27.548 -> RLB_PRO: Sending MAC-only uplink .. 
17:34:27.548 -> RLB_PRO: JoinAccept reply length mismatch, expected %dB got %luB
17:34:27.548 -> RLB_PRO: JoinAccept reply message type invalid, expected 0x%02x got 0x%02x
17:34:27.548 -> RLB_PRO: JoinAccept (JoinNonce = %lu, previously %lu):
17:34:27.548 -> RLB_PRO: LoRaWAN revision: 1.%d
17:34:27.581 -> RLB_PRO: JoinRequest sent (DevNonce = %d) <-- Rx Delay start

7:34:30.731 -> Successfully sentSending failedSomething received!%xSuccessFailONUNCONFIRMEDRAKwireless LoRaWan OTAA Example------------------------------------------------------Set Node device work mode %s
17:34:30.765 -> LoRaWan OTAA - set application EUI is incorrect! 
17:34:30.765 -> LoRaWan OTAA - set application key is incorrect! 
17:34:30.765 -> LoRaWan OTAA - set device EUI is incorrect! 
17:34:30.765 -> LoRaWan OTAA - set band is incorrect! 
17:34:30.765 -> LoRaWan OTAA - set device class is incorrect! 
17:34:30.765 -> LoRaWan OTAA - set network join mode is incorrect! 
17:34:30.765 -> LoRaWan OTAA - join fail! 
17:34:30.800 -> Wait for LoRaWAN join...LoRaWan OTAA - set adaptive data rate is incorrect! 
17:34:30.800 -> LoRaWan OTAA - set retry times is incorrect! 
17:34:30.800 -> LoRaWan OTAA - set confirm mode is incorrect! 
17:34:30.800 -> Duty cycle is %s
17:34:30.800 -> Packet is %s
17:34:30.800 -> Device Address is %02X%02X%02X%02X
17:34:30.800 -> Uplink period is %ums
17:34:30.800 -> B3P� a1��

�����+~��(�Ҧ����	�O<Data Packet:0x%02X Sending is requestedGet RSSI =Get Signal Noise Ratio =Get LoRaWAN protocol version =Get All open channel RSSI =channel : %d, rssi : %d
17:34:30.833 -> RAK3172-H RAK3172-L Version:%s %s
17:34:30.833 -> Current Work Mode: LoRa P2P.
17:34:30.833 -> LoRaWAN.
17:34:30.833 -> FSK.

17:34:30.998 -> ######           MCPS_UNCONFIRMED            ######
17:34:30.998 -> ######           MCPS_PROPRIETARY            ######
17:34:30.998 -> ######                MCPS_ERROR             ######
17:34:30.998 -> +BC:LOST
17:34:30.998 -> +BC:LOCKED
17:34:30.998 -> +BC:FAILED_%d
17:34:30.998 -> +BC:FAILED
17:34:30.998 -> +EVT:SEND_CONFIRMED_OK
17:34:30.998 -> +EVT:SEND_CONFIRMED_FAILED(%d)
17:34:30.998 -> +EVT:TX_DONE
17:34:31.031 -> %02dh%02dm%02ds on %02d/%02d/%04dLoRaWAN 1.0.3QueryTxPossible: %s, UserDataSize %d PossibleDataSize %d AdditionalFOptsSize %d
17:34:31.031 -> Rx1Frequency:%u
17:34:31.031 -> RxCFrequency:%u
17:34:31.031 -> ChannelsDatarate:%d
17:34:31.031 -> ChannelsTxPower:%d
17:34:31.031 -> FCntUp:%u
17:34:31.031 -> Restricted_Wait_%d_ms
17:34:31.031 -> +EVT:RX_%s:%d:%d:MULTICAST:UNICAST%02x+EVT:LINKCHECK:0:%d:%d:%d:%d
17:34:31.031 -> Receiving in RX_SLOT_WIN_1
17:34:31.031 -> Receiving in RX_SLOT_WIN_2
17:34:31.031 -> Receiving in RX_SLOT_WIN_CLASS_C
17:34:31.063 -> DevAddress:%08x
17:34:31.063 -> Port:%d
17:34:31.063 -> Rssi:%d
17:34:31.063 -> Snr:%d
17:34:31.063 -> RxDatarate:%u
17:34:31.063 -> FCntDown:%u
17:34:31.063 -> LoRaMacMibGetRequestConfirm ERROR
17:34:31.063 -> +EVT:JOIN_FAILED_%d
17:34:31.063 -> +EVT:JOINED
17:34:31.063 -> +EVT:SWITCH_FAILED
17:34:31.063 -> +EVT:JOIN_FAILED_RX_TIMEOUT
17:34:31.063 -> +EVT:JOIN_FAILED_TX_TIMEOUT
17:34:31.063 -> Receiving MLME_JOIN
17:34:31.063 -> DevAddr:%08x
17:34:31.063 -> +EVT:TIMEREQ_OK
17:34:31.063 -> +EVT:TIMEREQ_FAILED
17:34:31.063 -> +BC:DONE
17:34:31.063 -> +EVT:LINKCHECK:1:0:0:0:0
17:34:31.097 -> %s():Fail
17:34:31.097 -> BOKBusyService unknownParameter invalidFrequency invalidDatarate invalidFrequency or datarate invalidNo network joinedLength errorRegion not supportedSkipped APP dataDuty-cycle restrictedNo channel foundNo free channel foundBusy beacon reserved timeBusy ping-slot window timeBusy uplink collisionCrypto errorFCnt handler errorMAC command errorClassB errorConfirm queue errorMulticast group undefinedUnknown error��������$���4���F���X���i�������������������������������	���#���>���T���a���t�������������������service_lora_set_lora_default��������1���1�����������+EVT:RXP2P RECEIVE ERROR
17:34:31.131 -> +EVT:RXFSK RECEIVE ERROR
17:34:31.131 -> +EVT:RXP2P RECEIVE TIMEOUT
17:34:31.131 -> +EVT:RXFSK RECEIVE TIMEOUT
17:34:31.131 -> +EVT:TXP2P DONE
17:34:31.131 -> +EVT:TXFSK DONE
17:34:31.162 -> +EVT:RXP2P:%d:%d:+EVT:RXFSK:%d:%d:%02XLoRa P2P send data: (%d) P2P_RX_ON already
17:34:31.162 -> OnTxDoneOnTxTimeoutOnTxDone
17:34:31.162 -> Rx %d of %d  >>> PER= %d %%
17:34:31.162 -> RssiValue= %d dBm, SnrValue= %d 
17:34:31.162 -> Tx Hop at %d Hz
17:34:31.162 -> Tx Test : Packet %d of %d
17:34:31.162 -> Tx Test

17:34:31.862 -> %s=%d%s=%c%s=%f
17:34:31.862 -> %s=%s-%s
17:34:31.862 -> %s=%08x%08x%08x
17:34:31.862 -> ,%s=%u:b0:B:C:%08X:%09d:%02d:%s=A
17:34:31.862 -> %s=B:S0
17:34:31.862 -> %s=B:S1
17:34:31.862 -> %s=B:S2
17:34:31.862 -> %s=B:S3
17:34:31.862 -> %s=B
17:34:31.862 -> %s=C
17:34:31.862 -> AP2P_RX_ON already, please disable P2P RX before setting.
17:34:31.862 -> P2P_RX_ON
17:34:31.862 -> P2P_RX_OFF
17:34:31.862 -> %s=%04x
17:34:31.862 -> AT+LOCK=unlocked
17:34:31.862 -> 4294967295%s=%04X(single channel mode: %d)%u4
17:34:31.862 -> 5
17:34:31.896 -> 6
17:34:31.896 -> 7
17:34:31.896 -> 8
17:34:31.896 -> 9
17:34:31.896 -> 10
17:34:31.896 -> 11
17:34:31.896 -> 12
17:34:31.896 -> 8-18-28-38-4��	��������
17:34:31.896 -> 
17:34:31.896 -> %s00000000AT+LOCK=?AT+LOCK=locked
17:34:31.896 -> OK
17:34:31.896 -> COMMAND_LOCKED

[StevenCellist]

I have a lot of thoughts on this weird log, but I can reproduce your problems on the RAK3172 that arrived in my mail today. Suspending my frustrations until I have more news.

[StevenCellist]

OK - figured it out. Two lessons: one for you, one for us all.

1. The lesson for us all: the RAK3172 does not have a good default clock configuration (at least through STM32duino). At present I don't have time nor knowledge to figure out how to control this using the STM32duino, but the quick fix for you is to look at

   RadioLib/src/BuildOpt.h

   Lines 109 to 119 in ec78500

   	/*
   	* Uncomment on boards whose clock runs too slow or too fast
   	* Set the value according to the following scheme:
   	* Enable timestamps on your terminal
   	* Print something to terminal, wait 1000 milliseconds, print something again
   	* If the difference is e.g. 1014 milliseconds between the prints, set this value to 14
   	* Or, for more accuracy, wait for 100,000 milliseconds and divide the total drift by 100
   	*/
   	#if !defined(RADIOLIB_CLOCK_DRIFT_MS)
   	//#define RADIOLIB_CLOCK_DRIFT_MS (0)
   	#endif

   . It describes a method for you to test out how much your clock drifts. In my case I had to configure it to 18, as I had an average output of 1018ms on a 1000ms delay.
2. The lesson for you: provide timestamps in your logs that are based on your computer/terminal, not the timestamp from your device. Had you provided those in your first logs, we would have spotted this in a heartbeat. Remember that the device always thinks that it is on time because it does not have a more accurate clock than itself. Your computer however will be able to tell you the actual truth as it uses a proper clock.

Case closed...

[HeadBoffin]

Somehow at 17:34 your device magically switched from RadioLib to another LW stack and the equally magically switched to LoRa P2P and then amazingly managed to switch to back to this other LW stack.

With such an uncontrolled, inexplicable set of results it's going to be very very very hard to help.

Try the clock drift - check in with RAK on the clock drift - even consider using their LW stack which I know beegee-tokyo spent a lot of time working on so should work with their module.

If you have more questions please try to be more precise & not incorporate random tests in to the mix.

[jpayalateva]

From what I see, beegee-tokyo implemented a solution using AT commands; the code does not run directly within the RAK3172; an external microcontroller is required.

This is the simplest example; the source code is in the post.

#1463 (reply in thread)

Anyone needs to do a test, just compile it and test it.

Maybe this post will help someone else with the same problem.

Thanks for all the help you've given me. Unfortunately, we haven't gotten anywhere, and the problem still persists.

[StevenCellist]

Since the code you provided on the RAK forum is full of user-errors and deviates from the RadioLib examples by miles, I refuse to provide any help with your code. I will only say this: the RAK3172 does not have a TCXO but an XTAL. And a note that I compiled the Basic example (including RF switch and XTAL config) using the LoRa Boards > RAK3172 type, not as a generic STM32WLE5CCUx, with Newlib Standard instead of Newlib Nano.

[jpayalateva]

Hello StevenCellist
The code is error-free; I'm simply running it from Platformio. I don't want to upset anyone. I'll remove the RAK code and upload the Arduino IDE code, which is much more standard. Sorry if I offended you with my "horrible" code.

Regarding the oscillator, my module is a RAK3172 (Ti). According to the Rack forum, it has a TXCO inside.

https://forum.rakwireless.com/t/difference-between-rak3172-tp-vs-rak3172-ti/12343/2

Regarding the timings, I made a new log capture.

Chirpstack sends the Join Accept at 12:03:33, but Dragino sends to RAK at Mar 27 12:05:29 dragino-291854
Dragino's response is extremely slow.

12:03:32.320 -> 
12:03:32.320 -> Setup ... 
12:03:32.320 -> Initialise the radio
12:03:32.352 -> Join ('login') the LoRaWAN Network
12:03:32.352 -> RLB_PRO: Setting up dynamic channels
12:03:32.352 -> RLB_PRO: UL:   0 1 868.100 (0 - 5) | DL:   0 1 868.100 (0 - 5)
12:03:32.352 -> RLB_PRO: UL:   1 1 868.300 (0 - 5) | DL:   1 1 868.300 (0 - 5)
12:03:32.384 -> RLB_PRO: UL:   2 1 868.500 (0 - 5) | DL:   2 1 868.500 (0 - 5)
12:03:32.384 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x03
12:03:32.384 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: 30                                               0                 
12:03:32.384 -> RLB_PRO: LinkAdrReq: dataRate = 3, txSteps = 0, nbTrans = 0
12:03:32.384 -> RLB_PRO: LinkAdrAns: 07
12:03:32.384 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x04
12:03:32.384 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: 07                                               .                 
12:03:32.415 -> RLB_PRO: DutyCycleReq: max duty cycle = 1/2^7
12:03:32.415 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x05
12:03:32.415 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: 00 d2 ad 84                                      ....              
12:03:32.415 -> RLB_PRO: RXParamSetupReq: Rx1DrOffset = 0, rx2DataRate = 0, freq = 869.525
12:03:32.415 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x08
12:03:32.415 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: 01                                               .                 
12:03:32.449 -> RLB_PRO: RXTimingSetupReq: delay = 1 sec
12:03:32.449 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x09
12:03:32.449 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: 05                                               .                 
12:03:32.449 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x0c
12:03:32.449 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: 65                                               e                 
12:03:32.449 -> RLB_PRO: ADRParamSetupReq: limitExp = 6, delayExp = 5
12:03:32.449 -> RLB_PRO: [MAC] 0x0f
12:03:32.449 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: fa                                               .                 
12:03:32.492 -> RLB_PRO: RejoinParamSetupReq: maxTime = 15, maxCount = 10
12:03:32.555 -> RLB_PRO: 
12:03:32.555 -> RLB_PRO: PHY:  Frequency = 868.100 MHz, TX = 16 dBm
12:03:32.555 -> RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 9, BW = 125.0 kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: U
12:03:32.793 -> RLB_PRO: JoinRequest sent (DevNonce = 0) <-- Rx Delay start
12:03:32.793 -> RLB_PRO: 00000000: 00 b1 7b ca d4 f7 65 f0 f4 10 ac 52 7d fe c0 65  ..{...e....R}..e
12:03:32.793 -> RLB_PRO: 00000010: f5 00 00 79 8c fc 28                             ...y..(           
12:03:32.793 -> RLB_PRO: 
12:03:32.793 -> RLB_PRO: PHY:  Frequency = 868.100 MHz, TX = 16 dBm
12:03:32.793 -> RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 9, BW = 125.0 kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: D
12:03:37.878 -> RLB_PRO: Opening Rx1 window (128 ms timeout)... <-- Rx Delay end 
12:03:38.053 -> RLB_PRO: Closing Rx1 window
12:03:38.053 -> RLB_PRO: 
12:03:38.053 -> RLB_PRO: PHY:  Frequency = 869.525 MHz, TX = 16 dBm
12:03:38.053 -> RLB_PRO: LoRa: SF = 12, BW = 125.0 kHz, CR = 4/5, IQ: D
12:03:38.942 -> RLB_PRO: Opening Rx2 window (688 ms timeout)... <-- Rx Delay end 
12:03:39.626 -> RLB_PRO: Closing Rx2 window
12:03:39.626 -> Join failed - RADIOLIB_ERR_NO_JOIN_ACCEPT (-1116)

Mar 27 12:03:33 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [MACINFO~][JOIN_REQ]:{"Size":23, "Rssi":-87, "snr":10, "AppEUI":"F4F065F7D4CA7BB1", "DevEUI":"F565C0FE7D52AC10"}
Mar 27 12:03:33 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [INFO~][PKTS][primary_server-UP] received Join_Req from DevEui: F565C0FE7D52AC10 (fcnt=0)
Mar 27 12:03:33 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [PKTS~][primary_server-UP] {"rxpk":[{"jver":1,"tmst":4157737864,"time":"2025-03-27T11:03:32.862600Z","chan":0,"rfch":1,"freq":868.100000,"mid": 8,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF9BW125","codr":"4/5","rssis":-87,"lsnr":9.5,"foff":-656,"rssi":-87,"size":23,"data":"ALF7ytT3ZfD0EKxSff7AZfUAAHmM/Cg="}]}
Mar 27 12:03:33 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [MACINFO~][JOIN_REQ]:{"Size":23, "Rssi":-87, "snr":10, "AppEUI":"F4F065F7D4CA7BB1", "DevEUI":"F565C0FE7D52AC10"}
Mar 27 12:03:33 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [INFO~][PKTS][secondary_server-UP] received Join_Req from DevEui: F565C0FE7D52AC10 (fcnt=0)
Mar 27 12:03:33 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [PKTS~][secondary_server-UP] {"rxpk":[{"jver":1,"tmst":4157737864,"time":"2025-03-27T11:03:32.874651Z","chan":0,"rfch":1,"freq":868.100000,"mid": 8,"stat":1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF9BW125","codr":"4/5","rssis":-87,"lsnr":9.5,"foff":-656,"rssi":-87,"size":23,"data":"ALF7ytT3ZfD0EKxSff7AZfUAAHmM/Cg="}]}
Mar 27 12:03:33 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [INFO~][NETWORK][primary_server-UP] PUSH_ACK received in 76 ms
Mar 27 12:03:33 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [PKTS~][primary_server-DOWN] {"txpk":{"imme":false,"rfch":0,"powe":16,"ant":0,"brd":0,"tmst":4162737864,"freq":868.1,"modu":"LORA","datr":"SF9BW125","codr":"4/5","ipol":true,"size":33,"data":"ICLr4QZ/nRVVQS+rVrEJM2mMzALQqfSHvV8UlxnZ0Zcx"}}
Mar 27 12:03:33 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: lgw_time_on_air:1645: INFO: LoRa packet ToA: 247 ms
Mar 27 12:03:33 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [DEBUG~][PKTS][primary_server-DOWN] A packet enqueue, us=4162737864, cur_us=4158017574
Mar 27 12:03:33 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: #########DEBUG###########
Mar 27 12:05:29 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: 2022EBE1067F9D1555412FAB56B10933698CCC02D0A9F487BD5F149719D9D19731
Mar 27 12:05:29 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: #########DEBUG###########
Mar 27 12:05:29 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [MACINFO~][JOIN_ACCEPT]:{"Size":33, "NetID":"067F9D", "DevAddr":"2F415515", "DLSettings":{"RX1DRoffset":2, "RX2DR":11}}
Mar 27 12:05:29 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: WARNING: Not connect I2C Temperature Device, Return Virtual Temperature!
Mar 27 12:05:29 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [PKTS~][primary_server-UP] {"stat":{"time":"2025-03-27 11:03:35 GMT","rxnb":1,"rxok":1,"rxfw":1,"ackr":100.0,"dwnb":1,"txnb":1,"pfrm":"SX1302","mail":"","desc":"Dragino LoRaWAN Gateway"}}
Mar 27 12:05:29 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: WARNING: Not connect I2C Temperature Device, Return Virtual Temperature!
Mar 27 12:05:29 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [PKTS~][secondary_server-UP] {"stat":{"time":"2025-03-27 11:03:35 GMT","rxnb":1,"rxok":1,"rxfw":1,"ackr":0.0,"dwnb":0,"txnb":0,"pfrm":"SX1302","mail":"","desc":"Dragino LoRaWAN Gateway"}}
Mar 27 12:05:29 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [INFO~][NETWORK][primary_server-UP] PUSH_ACK received in 30 ms
Mar 27 12:05:29 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [INFO~][NETWORK][primary_server-DOWN] PULL_ACK received in 112 ms
Mar 27 12:05:29 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: lgw_send:1353:  --- IN
Mar 27 12:05:29 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: lgw_send:1487:  --- OUT
Mar 27 12:05:29 dragino-291854 fwd[1917]: [INFO~][JIT] send done on rf_chain 0 in count_us=4162737864 with freq=868100000, SF9

[jpayalateva]

The solution was to change libraries. Unfortunately, support is more concerned with finding excuses and blaming the user than answering questions.

https://github.com/stm32duino/STM32LoRaWAN/tree/main
https://github.com/stm32duino/STM32LoRaWAN/tree/main/examples/Basic/Basic.ino

[StevenCellist]

Well.. I did spend €26 to buy a base board and RAK3172 to confirm your issue and provided you with my findings to resolve your problems. Yet it was very difficult for us to guide you because of the lack of information that we asked for, nor did I get the impression that you took our suggestions very seriously. For example in my most recent comment, I provided you with the necessary steps to fix the timing problems, but the log you shared (with timestamps, that's good) doesn't show any correction of clock drift.

Plus.. I've been very busy with work and other matters, leaving little time to answer. This is voluntarily for me (all of us). I'm sorry if we didn't live up to your expectations, but I cannot afford to dig through all your code files - which is the reason we suggested you repeatedly to stick to the basic examples provided here.