Update to latest protobuf and Abseil, fix build config

Abseil and protobuf releases a few internal features we'd like to use.

Drive-by:
- Fix `llvm_config.bzl` lookup of `llvm-config` - Starlark's `range()` is left-open
PiperOrigin-RevId: 764207317
Change-Id: I31a3b71521ef955cfd115d4bceacb4ab84e95e38

Author: cblichmann

MODULE.bazel

@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@ module(
 http_archive = use_repo_rule("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:http.bzl", "http_archive")
 
 # Bazel Central Registry (BCR) Modules:
-bazel_dep(name = "abseil-cpp", version = "20240722.0")
+bazel_dep(name = "abseil-cpp", version = "20250512.0")
 bazel_dep(name = "abseil-py", version = "2.1.0")
 bazel_dep(name = "bazel_skylib", version = "1.7.1")
 bazel_dep(name = "google_benchmark", version = "1.8.5")
-bazel_dep(name = "googletest", version = "1.15.2")
-bazel_dep(name = "protobuf", version = "28.2", repo_name = "com_google_protobuf")
-bazel_dep(name = "rules_proto", version = "6.0.2")
-bazel_dep(name = "rules_python", version = "0.37.2")
+bazel_dep(name = "googletest", version = "1.17.0")
+bazel_dep(name = "protobuf", version = "31.0", repo_name = "com_google_protobuf")
+bazel_dep(name = "rules_proto", version = "7.0.2")
+bazel_dep(name = "rules_python", version = "1.0.0")
 bazel_dep(name = "rules_cc", version = "0.1.1")
 bazel_dep(name = "libunwind", version = "1.8.1")
 bazel_dep(name = "libffi", version = "3.4.7")