concurrency: demonstrate dynamic ownership with Arc

Ownership is the responsibility to free a value. Previously, `v` was
always freed by the main thread because it kept the original `Arc`
instance. It was difficult to explain why this example did not simply
use scoped threads instead.

Now we see that multi-threaded dynamic ownership with `Arc` results
in a dynamic decision of which thread will clean up a given value.

Author: fw-immunant

src/concurrency/shared-state/arc.md

@@ -4,25 +4,42 @@ minutes: 5
 
 # `Arc`
 
-[`Arc<T>`][1] allows shared read-only access via `Arc::clone`:
+[`Arc<T>`][1] allows shared, read-only ownership via `Arc::clone`:
 
 ```rust,editable
+use rand::Rng;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::thread;
 
+/// A struct that prints which thread drops it.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct WhereDropped(Vec<i32>);
+
+impl Drop for WhereDropped {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        println!("Dropped by {:?}", thread::current().id())
+    }
+}
+
 fn main() {
-    let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);
+    let v = Arc::new(WhereDropped(vec![10, 20, 30]));
     let mut handles = Vec::new();
     for _ in 0..5 {
         let v = Arc::clone(&v);
         handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {
+            // Randomly sleep for 0-500ms.
+            let ms = rand::rng().random_range(0..500);
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(ms));
             let thread_id = thread::current().id();
             println!("{thread_id:?}: {v:?}");
         }));
     }
 
+    // Now only the spawned threads will hold clones of `v`.
+    drop(v);
+
+    // When the last spawned thread finishes, it will drop `v`'s contents.
     handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());
-    println!("v: {v:?}");
 }
 ```