runtime: guarantee checkfinalizers test allocates in a shared tiny block

Currently the checkfinalizers test (TestDetectCleanupOrFinalizerLeak)
only *tries* to ensure the tiny alloc with a cleanup attached shares a
block with other objects. However, what it does is insufficient, because
it could get unlucky and have the last object allocated be the first
object of a new block.

This change changes the test to guarantee that a tiny object is not at
the start of a fresh block by looking at the alignment of the object's
pointer. If the object's pointer is odd, then that's good enough to know
that it shares a block with something else, since the blocks themselves
are aligned to a much higher power of two.

This fixes a failure I've seen on the builders.

Fixes #73810.

Change-Id: Ieafdbb9cccb0d2dc3659a9a5d9d9233718461635
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/674655
LUCI-TryBot-Result: Go LUCI <golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>

Author: mknyszek

src/runtime/malloc.go

@@ -1672,7 +1672,10 @@ func postMallocgcDebug(x unsafe.Pointer, elemsize uintptr, typ *_type) {
 	}
 
 	// N.B. elemsize == 0 indicates a tiny allocation, since no new slot was
-	// allocated to fulfill this call to mallocgc.
+	// allocated to fulfill this call to mallocgc. This means checkfinalizer
+	// will only flag an error if there is actually any risk. If an allocation
+	// has the tiny block to itself, it will not get flagged, because we won't
+	// mark the block as a tiny block.
 	if debug.checkfinalizers != 0 && elemsize == 0 {
 		setTinyBlockContext(unsafe.Pointer(alignDown(uintptr(x), maxTinySize)))
 	}

src/runtime/testdata/testprog/checkfinalizers.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ package main
 import (
 	"runtime"
 	"runtime/debug"
+	"unsafe"
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -40,10 +41,16 @@ func DetectFinalizerAndCleanupLeaks() {
 
 	// Ensure we create an allocation into a tiny block that shares space among several values.
 	var ctLeak *tiny
-	for i := 0; i < 18; i++ {
+	for {
 		tinySink = ctLeak
 		ctLeak = new(tiny)
-		*ctLeak = tiny(i)
+		*ctLeak = tiny(55)
+		// Make sure the address is an odd value. This is sufficient to
+		// be certain that we're sharing a block with another value and
+		// trip the detector.
+		if uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(ctLeak))%2 != 0 {
+			break
+		}
 	}
 	runtime.AddCleanup(ctLeak, func(_ struct{}) {}, struct{}{})