Using RPC feature to implement multi-cpu node inference.

[cf3i]

I'm currently implementing multi-node CPU inference for DeepSeek-R1 using llama.cpp, but I'm encountering unexpectedly poor performance of only 0.06 tokens/second.

Configuration Details:

Hardware: 20 nodes, each with 196 CPUs and 390GB memory.

During my experment, the CPU usage and memory usage of RPC servers were very low.

Test Command:

llama-bench -m /scratch/feic/pjs/DeepSeek-CPU-Inference/models/DeepSeek-R1-UD-IQ1_S.gguf -t 196,392

Key Questions:

• Where can I find the RPC-related implementation in the codebase?

• What parallelism strategy does the RPC feature employ (model parallelism vs. computation offload)?

Given the significant hardware resources available, the current performance seems abnormally low. I'd appreciate insights into potential bottlenecks or configuration issues that might explain these results.

[rgerganov]

• Where can I find the RPC-related implementation in the codebase?

RPC server
RPC backend

• What parallelism strategy does the RPC feature employ (model parallelism vs. computation offload)?

It is using the same strategy as with multiple GPUs -- the ggml scheduler is splitting model layers across devices (local GPUs or RPC servers)

Given the significant hardware resources available, the current performance seems abnormally low. I'd appreciate insights into potential bottlenecks or configuration issues that might explain these results.

The assumption that adding more RPC nodes will give you more tok/sec is wrong. Using RPC is beneficial when the model doesn't fit in the memory of the main host. As far as I understand, this is not the case with your setup -- your model is ~140GB and you have 390GB on a single host.

[cf3i]

Thank you for your kind reply.

I’ve looked into the source code of llama-cli, as it supports the --rpc option. However, I couldn’t find any logic related to dispatching model layers to other devices or handling communication with the RPC servers.

This is the part I’m particularly interested in, as I’m planning to implement expert parallelism using llama.cpp and would like to customize the code accordingly.

Could you give me some insignt where I can find these related logics?