From the Vulkan spec:

VK_KHR_multiview

This extension has the same goal as the OpenGL ES GL_OVR_multiview extension - it enables rendering to multiple “views” by recording a single set of commands to be executed with slightly different behavior for each view. It includes a concise way to declare a render pass with multiple views, and gives implementations freedom to render the views in the most efficient way possible.

I am not familiar with how/if other backend APIs provide the same functionality.