Enable cppcheck, cpplint, and doxygen checks on Noble CI for Ionic branches

[azeey]

We currently run all of these only on the Jammy CI for Ionic branches. Eg. https://github.com/gazebosim/gz-sim/blob/83b30c2bfe8031977b536ef38851642e243f9bc6/.github/workflows/ci.yml#L17-L52

Once linters are fixed for Noble, we can retire Jammy binaries for Ionic since Noble is the only officially supported platform

• gz-cmake (not needed)
• gz-common
  • ci: run cppcheck, cpplint on noble gazebosim/gz-common#669
  • ci: enable doxygen checking gazebosim/gz-common#674
• gz-fuel-tools
  • ci: run cppcheck, cpplint, doxygen on noble gazebosim/gz-fuel-tools#462
• gz-gui
  • Remove Jammy github actions CI in main (Jetty) gazebosim/gz-gui#672
• gz-launch
• gz-math
  • ci.yml: run cppcheck, cpplint on noble gazebosim/gz-math#655
  • Use 24.04 for doxygen CI gazebosim/gz-math#676
• gz-msgs
  • ci.yml: run cppcheck, cpplint on noble gazebosim/gz-msgs#478
  • ci: enable doxygen check on noble gazebosim/gz-msgs#505
• gz-physics
  • ci.yml: run cppcheck, cpplint on noble gazebosim/gz-physics#710
  • ci: enable doxygen check on noble gazebosim/gz-physics#740
• gz-plugin
  • ci: run cppcheck, cpplint, doxygen on noble gazebosim/gz-plugin#172
• gz-rendering
  • Enable doxygen CI check on noble gazebosim/gz-rendering#1129
• gz-sensors
  • ci.yml: check doxygen on 24.04 gazebosim/gz-sensors#519
• gz-sim
  • ci.yml: run cppcheck, cpplint on noble gazebosim/gz-sim#2935
  • ci: enable doxygen checks gazebosim/gz-sim#2943
• gz-tools (not needed)
• gz-transport
  • ci: run cppcheck, cpplint, doxygen on noble gazebosim/gz-transport#617
• gz-utils
  • ci.yml: run cppcheck, cpplint on noble gazebosim/gz-utils#166
  • Use 24.04 for doxygen CI gazebosim/gz-utils#173
• sdformat
  • ci.yml: run cppcheck, cpplint on noble gazebosim/sdformat#1521
  • ci: enable doxygen check on noble gazebosim/sdformat#1559

[scpeters]

codecov is failing on noble for gz-sensors in gazebosim/gz-sensors#516, so I am disabling codecov for gz-sensors10