docs: add how-to for OpenMP usage (#128)

Adds example for calculating PI using OpenMP and fpm

Author: gnikit

pages/how-to/compute-pi-openmp.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Computing PI with OpenMP
+
+This is a simple example of how to use OpenMP with fpm.
+It is an adapted version of the OpenMP example that can be found
+[here](https://github.com/gjbex/Fortran-MOOC/blob/master/source_code/computing_pi/compute_pi_omp.f90) under a
+[CC-BY-4.0](https://github.com/gjbex/Fortran-MOOC/blob/master/LICENSE) license.
+
+The code approximates the value of PI by performing parallelized numerical
+integration over a quarter of the unit circle.
+The code is structured as follows:
+
+```{literalinclude} ../../src/how-to/compute-pi-openmp/app/main.f90
+:language: fortran
+:caption: app/main.f90
+```
+
+## Using OpenMP as a dependency
+
+To use OpenMP in your project, you need to add the `openmp` dependency to your `fpm.toml` file:
+
+```{literalinclude} ../../src/how-to/compute-pi-openmp/fpm.toml
+:language: toml
+:caption: fpm.toml
+:emphasize-lines: 4-5
+```
+
+OpenMP is a _built-in dependency_ (i.e. metapackage), which means the above
+syntax needs to be used. To find out more about metapackages, see [](../spec/metapackages).
+
+## Building and running the code
+
+To build and run the code, one can use the following commands:
+
+```{code-block} text
+❯ fpm run
+Project is up to date
+Iterations:            10000, PI:         3.141391477611324
+Took:    0.092s, with absolute error:  2.0E-04
+```
+
+And increasing the number of iterations for the approximation while
+simultaneously enabling compiler optimizations with `--profile-release`
+
+```{code-block} text
+❯ fpm run --profile-release -- 1000000000
+main.f90                               done.
+compute-pi-openmp                      done.
+[100%] Project compiled successfully.
+Iterations:       1000000000, PI:         3.141592651589789
+Took:    3.511s, with absolute error:  2.0E-09
+```

pages/how-to/index.md

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 # How-To guides
 
-:::{note}
 This section contains practical guides and recipes for solving specific problems with fpm.
+
+:::{toctree}
+compute-pi-openmp
 :::

src/how-to/compute-pi-openmp/app/main.f90

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+program compute_pi_openmp
+  use, intrinsic :: iso_fortran_env, only: dp => real64, i8 => int64, real128
+  implicit none
+  integer(kind=i8) :: i, n_iterations
+  real(kind=dp) :: delta, x, pi
+  real(kind=dp) :: start, end
+
+  pi = 0.0_dp
+  n_iterations = get_iterations(10000_i8)
+  delta = 1.0_dp / n_iterations
+  x = 0.0_dp
+
+  call cpu_time(start)
+  !$omp parallel do default(none) private(x) shared(delta, n_iterations) reduction(+:pi)
+  do i = 1, n_iterations
+    x = i * delta
+    pi = pi + sqrt(1.0_dp - x**2)
+  end do
+  !$omp end parallel do
+  call cpu_time(end)
+
+  pi = 4.0_dp * pi / n_iterations
+  print "(A, I16, A, F25.15)", "Iterations: ", n_iterations, ", PI: ", pi
+  print "(A, F8.3, A, ES8.1)", "Took: ", end - start, "s, with absolute error: ", acos(-1.0_real128) - pi
+
+contains
+
+  integer(i8) function get_iterations(default_iterations)
+    integer(kind=i8), intent(in) :: default_iterations
+    character(len=100) :: buffer, msg
+    integer :: stat
+
+    get_iterations = default_iterations
+    if (command_argument_count() >= 1) then
+      call get_command_argument(1, buffer)
+      read (buffer, fmt=*, iostat=stat, iomsg=msg) get_iterations
+      if (stat /= 0) stop msg
+    end if
+  end function get_iterations
+
+end program compute_pi_openmp

src/how-to/compute-pi-openmp/fpm.toml

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+name = "compute-pi-openmp"
+version = "0.1.0"
+
+[dependencies]
+openmp = "*"
+
+[[executable]]
+name = "compute-pi-openmp"