NONCE_EXPIRED when doing many txs with ethers.js on local hardhat node

[ARyaskov]

Describe the bug
I get NONCE_EXPIRED error when I'm trying to send multiple transactions to a local Hardhat node (http://127.0.0.1:8545) in a row.

Reproduction steps
I'm trying to call multiple (3) times this Solidity function

function mint(address to, uint256 id) public onlyOwner {
  ERC1155._mint(to, id, 1, "");
}

from this TS code

contract = new ethers.Contract(contract_address, ERC1155.abi, this.signer)
await contract.connect(this.signer).mint(this.signer.address, 1)
await contract.connect(this.signer).mint(this.signer.address, 2)
await contract.connect(this.signer).mint(this.signer.address, 3)

and get this error
ERROR [Testing] Error: nonce has already been used (error={"reason":"processing response error","code":"SERVER_ERROR","body":"{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":75,\"error\":{\"code\":-32000,\"message\":\"Nonce too low. Expected nonce to be 3 but got 2.\"}}","error":{"code":-32000},"requestBody":"{\"method\":\"eth_sendRawTransaction\",\"params\":[\"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\"],\"id\":75,\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\"}","requestMethod":"POST","url":"http://127.0.0.1:8545/"}, method="sendTransaction", transaction="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", code=NONCE_EXPIRED, version=providers/5.5.3)

Environment:
Node.js 16
solidity 0.8.9
ethers.js 5.5.4
hardhat 2.4.8
@nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers 2.0.5
ts-mocha 9
chai 4

Search Terms
I found this issue #435 where using NonceManager is proposed. I tried to use it like this

const managedSigner = new NonceManager(this.signer)
contract = new ethers.Contract(contract_address, ERC1155.abi, managedSigner)
await contract.connect(managedSigner).mint(this.signer.address, 1)
await contract.connect(managedSigner).mint(this.signer.address, 2)
await contract.connect(managedSigner).mint(this.signer.address, 3)

but it still throws with NONCE_EXPIRED.

Thank you in advance!

[ricmoo]

You don't need to keep reconnecting to the same managedSigner, your main contract is connected to it, so you should be able to just use it. Can you try:

const managedSigner = new NonceManager(this.signer);
contract = new ethers.Contract(contract_address, ERC1155.abi, managedSigner)
await contract.mint(this.signer.address, 1)
await contract.mint(this.signer.address, 2)
await contract.mint(this.signer.address, 3)

My only guess is you have a transaction left over from the previous execution of the script.

[ARyaskov]

Thank you @ricmoo !
I tried to use contract.mint instead of contract.connect(xxx).mint but it still doesn't work.

I see this issue resolves when I'm connecting to Ganache instead of Hardhat node and disabling auto-mining there.

[ARyaskov]

Oh, just completely got it!
I used
snapshot = await ethers.provider.send('evm_snapshot') in mocha's beforeAll()

await ethers.provider.send('evm_revert', [snapshot]) in mocha's afterAll()

There were collisions between snapshots nonces. Be careful with evm_snapshot/evm_revert