-The consensus client deals with all the consensus logic that enables a client to stay in sync with the Ethereum network. This includes receiving blocks from peers and running a fork choice algorithm that ensures the client always follows the chain with the greatest accumulation of attestations (weighted by validator effective balances). The consensus client has its own peer-to-peer network, separate from the network that connects execution clients to each other. The cosnensus clients share blocks and attestations over their peer-to-peer network. The consensus client itself does not participate in attesting to or proposing blocks - this is done by a validator which is an optional add-on to a consensus client. A consensus client without a validator only keeps up with the head of the chain, allowing the node to stay synced. This enable a user to transact with Ethereum using their execution client, confident that they are on the right chain.
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